• A child’s body temperature rises three to five times faster than an adult’s. When a child is left in a vehicle, that child’s temperature can rise quickly — and the situation can quickly become dangerous.
• Heatstroke begins when the core body temperature reaches about 104 degrees.
• A child can die when their body temperature reaches 107 degrees.
• When temperatures are in the 60s, a car can heat up to more than 110 degrees, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
• Parents should never leave their children alone in a car. Rolling a window down or leaving the air conditioning on while the motor runs is not enough to keep them safe.
• Young children can’t express they are too hot or thirsty, and “often they don’t have the awareness of how to cool themselves off.
• If you see a child in a car suffering from heat stroke, you should immediately remove the child from the vehicle and take her or him into a nearby air-conditioned building.  If you can’t open the car, call the police immediately.
• If you notice that the child is either lethargic or unresponsive, then, of course, you want to call 911. But while you’re waiting you can also cool the child down by pouring cold water over them or fanning them. You just want to get them out of the hot environment as soon as possible.”

Sometimes, when kids are left behind in cars, it’s because parents have forgotten they are there. Luckily, there are steps you can take to remind yourself. Among them:

• Make a habit of checking your vehicle from front to back before you lock the door and leave your vehicle.
• Place something you know you’ll need, such as a purse or briefcase, in the back seat of the car so you’ll remember to see your child there, too.
• Leave a note in your car where you know you’ll check it before leaving.
•  Ask your childcare provider to call you if your child does not show up. Because, in some cases, a child may be left in a vehicle or bus carrying many children.
• The risk of hot car death is just as high when children have access to unlocked car doors in their driveway or parking lot.
• Noe says it’s important to teach your kids not to play in or around cars.
• Make sure to keep your car doors and trunk locked and to store your car keys so they’re out of your child’s reach.

Furry family members inside a hot car are in just as much danger as your kids. Your pets could suffer organ damage or die after being left in a hot vehicle, according to the Humane Society of the United States. Call the police or a shelter if you see an animal that may be suffering from the heat inside a parked vehicle.

What happens during heat stroke?

Heat stroke occurs when your body can’t control its temperature, which can rise to 106 degrees or higher within 10 to 15 minutes, says CDC. Young kids are at high risk because their bodies heat up quickly. When a child’s temperature reaches 107 degrees, it can be fatal, says NHTSA. On average, one child dies every 10 days in the U.S. due to heat stroke after being left unattended inside of a car, according to Safe Kids Worldwide.

Signs that someone may be suffering a heat stroke are dizziness, a rapid pulse and skin that is hot and dry without signs of sweat.

Reprinted with permission from The Nation’s Health, APHA.

The post Check that Backseat (Preventing Child Hot Car Deaths This Summer) appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Since my diagnosis, I have worked with my team of doctors to manage my overall health and wellness. But I have also spread the word about kidney education in our community, particularly AMKD. We celebrated the first annual APOL1-mediated Disease Day on April 30th, but it won’t be our last. Here is why I think recognizing the day and the condition was significant:

What is APOL1-mediated kidney disease?

APOL1-mediated kidney disease, or AMKD, is a genetic kidney disease caused by certain variants in the APOL1 gene. AMKD progresses silently, and many people don’t have symptoms until the disease reaches an advanced stage. This can cause severe kidney damage and even kidney failure, which requires dialysis or a kidney transplant.

What role does genetics play in this disease?

The APOL1 gene plays a role in our body’s immune system to fight threats. Everyone has two copies of the APOL1 gene passed down to them from their parents. Some people are more at risk for developing AMKD based on the copies of the gene they receive. Certain APOL1 variants are associated with developing AMKD; if an individual inherits a “risk variant” from both parents, they may develop AMKD. Genetic studies show that these APOL1 risk variants are found worldwide in people with African ancestry.

The link between APOL1 and kidney disease was only discovered in 2010, and many people haven’t heard of APOL1 or AMKD – which is why it’s especially meaningful to raise awareness for this disease and its underlying cause.

What should we know about kidney disease in our families?

Since AMKD is a genetic disease, I encourage you to be proactive in starting conversations to see if others in your family have been diagnosed with kidney disease and/or AMKD. It can be difficult to open the dialogue at first, but the information you gain is extremely valuable in determining whether you should talk to your doctor about AMKD. If you’re unsure where to start, check out the AMKD Conversation Guide on PowerForwardTogether.com or visit the American Kidney Fund’s website for additional resources.

Why are Black populations at an increased risk for AMKD?

Over the past 3,000 to 10,000 years, the APOL1 gene evolved in people who lived in Western and Central Africa to protect them from resistant forms of the parasite that causes human African trypanosomiasis. While these genetic variants help protect against human African trypanosomiasis, they may also cause kidney disease, known as AMKD.

As people from these regions have migrated around the world, they have taken these genetic variants in the APOL1 gene with them. Today, people of African ancestry may carry these APOL1 variants, including (but not limited to) people who identify as Black, African American, Afro-Caribbean, and Latino/Latina.

Approximately 13% of African Americans have two APOL1 risk variants, which significantly increases their risk of developing kidney disease.

In what ways does AMKD affect our lives?

AMKD can progress silently, and you may not notice any symptoms until the disease has progressed significantly. It can lead to severe kidney damage, life-long dialysis, a kidney transplant, or even death.

I was at the height of my basketball career when I started noticing extreme lethargy and swelling in my legs and feet, but I assumed these symptoms were just a result of my rigorous training and travel schedule. It wasn’t until I had my regular check-up that my doctors found abnormalities, which eventually led to my kidney disease diagnosis. I worked closely with my doctor and care team to stay as healthy as possible and was fortunate to receive a kidney transplant eventually.

The best way to manage AMKD is to detect it early, so I encourage you to be proactive about your health and see a doctor regularly.

If you have chronic kidney disease, can you be tested for AMKD? What does the process involve?

If you are of African ancestry, have a family history of kidney disease, or have symptoms of AMKD, talk to your doctor to see if getting tested may be the right next step for you. An early diagnosis is important to getting back in the game, and, for AMKD, to confirm an AMKD diagnosis, that is genetic testing. You can learn more about APOL1 genetic testing on PowerForwardTogether.com or KidneyFund.org and talk to your doctor about whether genetic testing is right for you.

What does it mean to you personally to help raise awareness for AMKD?

Raising awareness about AMKD is important to me because I know that there are people out there who are living with kidney disease and may not even know it yet. I brushed off my own symptoms as the effects of my rigorous basketball training schedule. It was only when my routine lab results showed abnormalities that I realized it was a more serious matter and one that would eventually change my life.

I want to encourage others to be more proactive than I was at first. Talk to your doctor if you have any concerns about your kidney health. Ask questions and find out if your family has a history of kidney disease.

Taking the initiative to learn about AMKD has also been an empowering journey. I lived a very active lifestyle, so my diagnosis came as a shock. However, after contributing my genetic information to a 2010 study that identified the genetic cause of AMKD, I understood that I wasn’t at fault for developing AMKD; it all came down to my genes. I want to share that feeling of empowerment with as many people as possible.

Why was it necessary to set aside a day specifically for AMKD Awareness? How is it different from National Kidney Month?

It’s important for each of us to take charge of our kidney health because many people suffer from chronic kidney disease, but AMKD continues to go misdiagnosed or undiagnosed because people have no idea it exists. AMKD Awareness Day is an initiative to spread information about this form of kidney disease and encourage people to talk more proactively with their families, friends, and doctors about kidney health and AMKD.

What was the theme/messaging of the first-ever AMKD Awareness Day?

The American Kidney Fund encouraged everyone to “Be APOL1 Aware” for this inaugural AMKD Awareness Day. Again, a lot of people don’t know about AMKD or how family history and genetics can impact their chances of developing it. I want more people to know how game-changing it is to be proactive. AMKD is a rapidly progressive disease that can lead to severe kidney damage or kidney failure. If we remain unaware, we remain uninformed. Spreading awareness gives people the resources to be proactive and seek out information about their family history and their chances of developing AMKD.

Why was the American Kidney Fund an important part of this initiative?

The American Kidney Fund has led the charge in establishing AMKD Awareness Day, and I am grateful for their leadership in spreading information about AMKD and providing resources to help people power forward and take charge of their health. I hope their resources and information will help empower people, especially those of African ancestry, to start conversations with their families and doctors about kidney health.

Alonzo Mourning is a paid spokesperson for Vertex Pharmaceuticals.

The post Basketball Hall-of-Famer Alonzo Mourning Reflects on the Importance of the First Annual APOL1-mediated Kidney Disease (AMKD) Awareness Day appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Check out their chat (and the transcript is also below).

Roslyn Young-Daniels (00:15):

So listen, Mr. Rucker. Yes ma’am. What does Black health mean to you?

Lamman Rucker (00:20):

Oh, that’s such a huge question, but really it means everything. It means being, well, it means it’s beyond feeling good. It’s being well, and I think that’s the difference we’ve gotten in the habit of just making sure something hurts. Let me do what I can to feel better. But the problem’s not solved. We don’t really know even where the issue may come from. We know it hasn’t gone away, but we don’t really want all the information because then the truth really forces us to do something different. So, just for me, it’s really my hope that we get beyond the short-term gratification of how we’ve defined black health and really understand the long-term, not just definition, but the long-term value of wellness.

Roslyn Young-Daniels (01:19):

What inspires you?

Lamman Rucker (01:21):

I don’t even know how I found myself here, to be honest with you, but at the same time, of course I would. How can you not? Because I’m a human being, first of all. I live in, I got a body, I have a mind, I have a heart. And even I talk a lot about even just being an artist. I’m always navigating the worlds of what’s happening with other people. Then, as an educator, my life has been committed to children and families and the community. And then there’s countless stories and testimonies of what it means to be well, and you know what unhealthy families look like. You know what malnourished children look like and how all these things are interconnected. How unhealthy environments contribute to us being mentally not well contribute to everything from all the other factors that we can think of. So when you look at cycles of violence, they’re all typically reflections of desperation or fear or other deficiencies that exist.

(02:38):

So that’s something that I was never comfortable with, just being okay with. So one of the things I was taught, one of the things that just I learned, and I don’t even know if this language was given to me, but I just always felt like it was more important to be part of the solution and not part of the problem. So whatever ways I can contribute to how we move the needle forward and heal ourselves, there’s only so much healing of one another that we can do, but we can encourage, facilitate, and model. We can provide information, resources, encouragement, inspiration, motivation, and information. So to me, how many jobs is that? And I’ve just always found my way into that space. But as an actor, artist, educator, activist, entrepreneur, philanthropist, all the adjectives or labels I can put in front or behind my name at some point, it’s just about living in your own humanity and connecting to the humanity in other people.

(03:53):

And I don’t know, maybe even as a little boy, we all want to be superheroes. So, this is my way of saving lives. This is my way of putting an L on my chest, not Superman, just being myself, right? This is my version of being incredible Hulk, or being Spiderman or Batman or all the things you imagine as a child. You want to be part of what’s good. You want to, and I really, even philosophically, I think everybody should figure out what is your superpower? You have it you. There’s something about you that’s special, and that’s supposed to impact some other public and the greater good. And I think the sooner you figure that out and the sooner you even find what that is for you and about you, then you can’t wait to give it away. We can’t take it with us. And if you do, it’s gone once it’s gone.

(04:54):

Unless you give it away to everybody you possibly can, then it never dies. That love, positive energy, healing, teaching, whatever that is, it keeps going. And that’s what’s got us this far. That’s true on this continent. We’ve been dealing with a whole lot of stuff. There’s no way we’d be here without those same elements. So I’m just doing what’s already been done before. It just happens to be on a loop, maybe more public platforms, but I’m living the life and doing the things that my ancestors have been doing for countless, countless, countless years. So I’m just continuing to just do my part in whatever way I can. Best ways. I know how.

Roslyn Young-Daniels (05:32):

That’s wonderful. One last question. When we have these types of events, women make up about 80% of our audience,

Lamman Rucker (05:40):

I didn’t notice.

Roslyn Young-Daniels (05:43):

What can you personally say to the brothers out there to make them be more proactive about their health? To have them show up and engage more in health services processes and in their access to care?

Lamman Rucker (06:00):

Well, that’s one. Hey brothers, all the women are here.

Lamman Rucker (06:06):

Alright. Eight to 80 are here. No, but no, but at the same time, more seriously, I think, and this is the kind of work I’m even actively doing now, I’ve got a mental health tour where one of the topics that always comes up is men being honest about what’s really going on with them. And I think that that’s something that you all can all help us with. Men can do that not only for themselves, but for one another and not just, oh baby, you need to go to the doctor. But it’s that a lot of how we’ve all been socialized, and again, no disrespect is that the woman’s body is the only body that’s important. Our bodies aren’t important. Our job is the work ourselves to death for you, but never to prioritize our own health, our own wellness. And some women actually perpetuate that as opposed to no son, father, husband, brother, daddy, uncle, whatever.

(07:06):

Your body is just as important as mine. Just because you can’t bear children doesn’t make you any less valuable. I need you. I want you here. Do this together. When y’all go get checked, take him with you. And similarly, like I said, hey, come. These shouldn’t be things we do in segments or fragmenting the household. Oh, okay. Oh, there’s a health summit. Okay, alright baby, you go here, you go to that. I’m going to go over here and do this. No, let’s do this. Right? This is a family event. This isn’t a women’s event. And even when it is, there’s still information at these women’s events that benefits us. I’m learning all the time when I’m in the green room, I’m learning all the time. I’m listening. I was having a conversation last night and I’m learning about women coming into their womanhood as teenagers and preteens stuff I’ve never heard.

(08:02):

As long as I’ve been doing this work, as much as I’ve even been involved in educated in reproductive health and working with young girls and families and so forth, I’m learning new stuff every day. So there’s so much to learn. If we stay engaged and we make sure that we are actively participating and not feeling like we’re on the sidelines, this is just as important to us. Even knowing about you all and knowing what’s going on with you is helpful to us. It helps us love you more. It helps us understand you even when we don’t understand you most of the time, or no, I’m saying even when we don’t know what’s going on, there’s ways for us to know and learn and understand that if we’re part of the conversation. Instead, we often see ourselves as doing two different things. Oh, that’s for them.

(08:50):

This is for us. We forget that. However different our bodies are, our bodies are also very much the same. Our hearts are the same. We might go about how we communicate a little differently, but we’re still often asking for the same needs. It’s the same conversation that’s being had. We might just be having it a little differently. So we got a lot of stuff we have to work through. But there’s also ways that some of this can maybe speak to us a little bit more. How is this experience maybe targeted to women in ways that it’s not actually targeted and market to men? Sometimes that happens even unbeknownst to you. So there’s some of that. I think there are things we can do differently, but a lot of it is just encouraging men to tell the truth and acknowledge how well you really are. Like you said, go to the doctor.

(09:41):

The truth doesn’t stop being true just because you don’t go and find out the truth. Our heart health, our bodies, our minds, all that’s important. Don’t wait until something’s a problem before you go to the doctor. Go long before any problems ever show up. So these problems can be prevented. And if we really want to take care of our families, if we really want to provide and show up and protect and all these things, we can’t do that if we’re not here. We can’t do that if we’re not healthy or well inside and out. So you can look as good as you want to look. You have as many muscles as you want, but if you’re not really well, we’re not well. Our families aren’t well, and again, those things perpetuate if we’re not careful. So there are numerous different things, but much of it is just staying connected. Keep us in the conversation, talk to us, and love and encourage us to participate in this in support of you and solidarity with you, but also for our own good.

Roslyn Young-Daniels (10:45):

Awesome. Alright. Thank you, Lamman.

The post Lamman Rucker On Advocating For Health, Wellness and Black Men appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Start With a Simple Idea

Just because you have an idea you love, you shouldn’t necessarily invest your life savings right away. Finney, the author of Build the Damn Thing: How to Start a Successful Business, says, “The”best way to know if your idea is good is to create a very simple version of the idea and put it out there for real feedback from potential customers.

She further explains, “That feedback will give you a sense of whether there is a valid market for your idea before you spend a lot of time and money on it. You can then use that feedback to iterate on your idea and make it even better with the confidence of knowing that your idea creates a solution that people will pay for.”

Develop a Set of Core Values

According to Finney, the first year of business can be overwhelming, especially if this is your first company. “You can get so caught up in all the initial steps you need to transform your idea into a viable product that you forget that you also have to have a sustainable way to keep making that product,” she explains. You may have been so focused on how to raise the money you needed that you neglected to set up financial management systems to keep track of the money as it comes in so that you can manage it better. Or maybe you concentrated so much on hiring the right people that you haven’t thought about how they will all work together to help you execute your vision.”

“Instead of getting overwhelmed by present challenges, she suggests having a long-term strategy. “When I was starting Genius Guild, one of the first things I did was to create a set of core values, which served as a kind of North Star, for what I wanted my company to be,” she explains. “By having those values to fall back on, I was able to make sure I kept my focus on the next few years of my company rather than just the next two weeks.”

The Risk and Reward of Entrepreneurship

When someone decides to start a business, they are taking a risk. However, there are creative rewards that are immeasurable. “Building your own company is a way to have a creative life you control. Imagine creating something you truly believe in, watching it succeed beyond your wildest dreams, and then getting paid for the value you’ve created,” Finney says.”That’s the promise of building your own damn thing. For me, deciding what to do with my capital and money from time to time was very liberating and worth the risk of possible failure.”

Personally, Finney loves running her current company. “I also love that running my own venture firm, Genius Guild, allows me to look for investment opportunities that are solid businesses that also contribute to the betterment of the community they serve. I want to help build a world where everyone can win, and creating Genius Guild allows me to do just that.

Smart, Successful Entrepreneurs Have Balanced Lives

Finney stresses that entrepreneurship is hard. It’s It’s easy, tough, or exhausting. And because it’s hard, losing yourself entirely in your company can be tempting. She says to decide that you don’t have time for your personal well-being, health, or family because you feel like all you should be doing is working.

This is a recipe for disaster. Remember that the company will not be good if you’re not good. So, taking time to get yourself in a good place is the most important thing you can do to ensure your company’s success before you build it.

“Smart, successful entrepreneurs have no problem spending time on their mental and spiritual health because they know that getting their mind right is crucial to getting their company right,” she” says. That means finding what works for you, getting home for dinner at night, getting to the gym, and practicing consistent meditation.

Finney says, “Because you are the hub of your company, your self-care is also your company’s self-care.”

The post Kathryn Finney’s Tips For Avoiding Entrepreneurial Overwhelm appeared first on Black Health Matters.

There are many known types of genetic kidney disease. Some are common, and others are extremely rare. Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a common genetic kidney disease passed down in families that can lead to long-term kidney damage.

“I was in the dark and uneducated about how [PKD] can be passed down through generations. The fact that it was hereditary was unknown to me and others in my family.” -PKD Foundation advocate Tamara Walker.

The PKD Foundation is the only organization in the United States solely dedicated to finding treatments and a cure for polycystic kidney disease (PKD) and to improving the lives of those it affects. African Americans are at an increased risk of experiencing poor outcomes related to PKD, and the PKD Foundation is committed to addressing racial disparities in PKD care.

What Is Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease?

ADPKD is characterized by the development of fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys, which can lead to gradual kidney growth and, eventually, kidney failure. It affects children and adults, and it may also impact those with no known family history of the disease.

ADPKD is caused by genetic changes. It affects individuals of all ethnicities. There is limited research that focuses on the prevalence of ADPKD among African Americans, but clinical research suggests that unique challenges related to the disease do exist.

Various factors, such as delayed diagnosis, limited access to healthcare, and genetic variations, may contribute to the development and management of ADPKD in African Americans.

If you have a parent affected by ADPKD, there is a 50 percent chance that you inherited the ADPKD gene. If you have ADPKD, there is a 50 percent chance you will pass it on to your children. This risk can continue throughout several generations, so having conversations about your family’s health history is important.

Family conversations are crucial for improving the Black community’s early detection and overall healthcare outcomes.

What are the symptoms to look for?

What are the symptoms to look for? ADPKD is often missed due to limited symptoms, especially early on. Some symptoms may be mistaken for other conditions. Because ADPKD is a progressive disease, symptoms usually get worse over time and can vary in their severity. Click here to learn more about the symptoms of ADPKD.

As ADPKD progresses, it can lead to a decline in kidney function over time. Early detection and symptom management are key.

What comes after diagnosis?

Being diagnosed with a new condition can feel overwhelming, but there is hope. It may be difficult to know where to turn with your questions and concerns, but learning as much about your condition as possible can help empower you to proactively manage your disease and maintain a high quality of life.

You can connect with the PKD Foundation’s support team, have your questions answered, and access resources to address your concerns by dialing 844-PKD-HOPE (844-753-4673).

Can I slow the disease progression?

Slowing the progression of ADPKD involves a combination of lifestyle changes, medications, and regular medical monitoring by your healthcare team.

In general, you can slow ADPKD progression by:

• Controlling your blood pressure
• Adopting a balanced, heart-healthy diet
• Staying well-hydrated
• Engaging in regular physical activity
• Adhering to a recommended treatment plan

Dialysis and transplant are terms you may hear frequently; however, these methods are typically used in patients who progress to end-stage kidney disease. If you have been recently diagnosed with ADPKD, click here to learn more and gain access to additional resources.

Want to stay informed and receive news and updates about ADPKD for yourself or a loved one? Click here to subscribe to PKD News.

Sponsored by the PKD Foundation and Otsuka Pharmaceuticals

The post What You Need to Know About a Rare Genetic Kidney Disease appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Maya Feller, a registered dietitian, is making wellness inclusive and accessible for all. Learn how she found this passion, what inclusive nutrition means, and three wellness tips you can start using today.

Finding Her Purpose

Feller first learned how important personalized nutrition was while training for a marathon.

“My running partner ended up in the hospital twice. The first time, she was over-hydrated. Then, she was under-hydrated. I researched running nutrition and found an entire field dedicated to it. I decided to become a dietitian and fell in love with nutrition science,” said Feller. “When I started working in the community, I felt such a sense of purpose. I decided to focus on inclusive nutrition. No community deserves to be left out of the wellness conversation.”

She turned this dream into a reality by opening a practice to help people of all backgrounds manage or revert chronic conditions. Feller considers social determinants of health in her day-to-day work with patients.

“Wellness looks different for everyone. Everything from your zip code to education and finances impacts the ability to live your best life,” said Feller. “Wellness doesn’t mean free from disease. If you have a chronic condition, wellness means managing it well.”

NKF is here to help no matter where you are in your kidney health journey. Join the Kidney Learning Center to find the online course you need to take the next step with confidence.

Providing Inclusive Nutrition

Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) is at the core of Feller’s practice. These evidence-based protocols help people manage conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes, two leading causes of kidney disease. In some cases, MNT involves medication and lifestyle changes like exercising more.

Lifestyle changes can be hard enough, but for some, they may feel insurmountable.

“If you don’t have access to affordable, nourishing foods, you may have to rely on items with excess added sugar, salt, and fat. These items can increase chronic conditions like diabetes and cardiovascular disease. If you’re tired from working multiple jobs, what can you put on the table that is easy, affordable, and nutritious?” Feller asked, “How do we work in that framework to put food on the plate that supports metabolic health?”

The answer to this difficult question is getting creative and starting small.

“Start by buying frozen or canned vegetables. Incorporate shelf-stable, nutrient-rich items like beans and rice into your diet,” said Feller. “If it’s safe, go out and move your body even if only for ten minutes. Take a few minutes to leave your office building or house to go sit in the sun and stretch your body.”

Over time, these smaller changes can add up and make even big goals like lowering blood pressure more achievable.

“If you can, reach out to a trauma-educated mental healthcare provider. You deserve the help.” Feller said, “The emotional component of this work is just as important as the nutritional and physical.”

Do you need support? NKF Peers may help. We can connect you with another experienced kidney patient to talk about kidney disease, dialysis, transplant, or living kidney donation.

Feller’s Top Nutrition Tips

Inspired to improve your own health and wellness? Feller has three tips to get started: rest, hydrate, and add more plant-based foods to your diet.

1. Focus on rest

According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, getting enough sleep has many benefits.

The benefits of sleep include:

• Getting sick less often
• Staying at a healthy weight
• Lowering the risk of chronic conditions like diabetes and heart disease
• Reducing stress
• Improving mood

But rest involves more than sleep.

“Prioritizing emotional well-being is imperative when thinking about health and wellness. That can look like taking the space to rest and relax,” said Feller. “Look at how rest fits into your life and determine what it looks like to you.”

Rest takes many forms, including doing a hobby you enjoy, moving your body, or meditating. It depends on what activities you enjoy and the types of experiences that fill up your cup.

Here are eight stress-management techniques to try.

2. Hydrate properly

As Feller learned early in her journey, drinking the right amount of water is crucial. Too much or too little can impact how the body works and even cause kidney damage. There’s no fixed rule for how much water everyone should drink. It depends on many factors, including;

• Age
• Climate
• Amount of exercise
• Pregnancy
• Chronic conditions

“Everyone’s hydration needs are different but be mindful of sugar-sweetened beverages and alcohol.” Feller said, “These two things can impact anyone’s blood sugar and pressure. Speak with a healthcare provider to determine what proper hydration looks like to you.”

Learn how to be water-wise.

3. Eat more plant-based foods

A recent study found that eating more plant- and less animal-based foods can lower the risk of or slow the decline of kidney disease.

“Lean into the fiber and nutrient-rich foods from your childhood. What is recognizable, enjoyable, and accessible to you? This could be anything from jicama, plantains, or beans.” Feller said, “Eat the rainbow. Berries, nuts, and seeds are fantastic, but there are many more options, like quinoa, millet, teff, and red, black, or wild rice.”

Check with a healthcare provider before changing your diet–especially if you have kidney disease or other chronic conditions. They will help you determine which plant-based foods are right for you.

Find a registered kidney dietitian near you.

This story appears through our partnership with The National Kidney Foundation.

The post Registered Dietician Maya Feller On Inclusive Wellness and Nutrition appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Get a referral

Talk to your primary care physician. You can also ask family, friends, and other health-care providers for recommendations. After you narrow your list, call each nephrologist’s office and ask for a consultation appointment to interview the doctor.

Do your homework.

Board certification is one of the most crucial factors when choosing a nephrologist. This tells you the doctor has the necessary training, skills, and experience to provide the appropriate care. When nephrologists are board-certified, they have gone beyond the minimal standards to be knowledgeable and effective in their field, as stated by the American Board of Physician Specialists. Additionally, you should confirm the nephrologist has no history of malpractice claims or disciplinary actions. To do this, find the nephrologist’s medical school, training hospital, and certifications on state websites.

Consider experience.

The more experience a nephrologist has with a condition or procedure, the better your results will likely be. Ask how many patients with your specific condition the nephrologist has treated. If you know you need a specific procedure, ask how many of the procedures the doctor has performed and learn about complication rates, the complications the doctor has encountered, and your own risk of complications.

Research the hospital.

Your doctor’s hospital is your hospital. For this reason, the quality of care at the hospital and dialysis center should be considered when the nephrologist can provide care. Hospital quality is important because patients at top-rated hospitals have fewer complications and better survival rates, according to Healthgrades. Additionally, consider whether the hospital’s location is important to you. Frequent tests, treatments, or follow-up visits may mean you need a convenient location.

Check patient satisfaction surveys.

Reading what other people have to say about a doctor can provide insight into how a doctor practices medicine, as well as how their medical practice is operated. Patient satisfaction surveys typically ask people about their experience with scheduling appointments, wait times, office environment, and office staff friendliness. This can help you learn about how much patients trust a specific doctor, how much time they spend with them, and how well the doctor answers questions.

Know what your insurance covers.

You may need to choose a nephrologist in your plan to receive the most insurance benefits and pay the least out-of-pocket. It is important to consider a nephrologist’s credentials, experience, outcomes, and hospital quality in your plan.

 To help you get started, we’ve compiled a list of the top African American nephrologists in the country in the Black Health Matters Nephrologist Guide. Is one near you? 

1. Kirk Campbell, M.D.

Dr. Kirk Cambell is the Irene and Dr. Arthur M. Fishberg Professor of Medicine as well as the Professor of Pharmacological Sciences and the inaugural Director of the Mount Sinai Center for Kidney Disease Innovation in New York. Dr. Campbell is also the principal investigator (PI) of Mount Sinai’s Kidney Precision Project Recruitment Site. With all his experience, Dr. Campbell understands his patients’ challenges and works hard to provide effective healthcare.

Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029
(212) 241-6500 

2. Olayiwola Ayodeji, M.D. 

Nephrologist Olayiwola Ayodeji, M.D., directs the Clinical Research Program at Peninsula Kidney Associates. He has led the development of the Clinical Trials Program at Peninsula Kidney Associates and served as a principal investigator (PI) on many research trials. He is the Medical Director of Davita Newmarket Dialysis Center and the Davita Home Training Center. He is board-certified in nephrology and internal medicine.

Peninsula Kidney Associates
501 Butler Farm Road, Suite I, Hampton, Virginia 23666
(757) 251-7469 

3. Paul W. Crawford, M.D.

Paul W. Crawford is a nephrologist and hypertension specialist in Chicago, Illinois. Dr. Crawford is a graduate of Loyola University of Chicago and Stritch School of Medicine, and he has been practicing for more than 40 years.

Associates in Nephrology
10801 S Western Ave, Suite 201, Chicago, Illinois 60643
(773) 770-4824 

4. Crystal Gadegbeku, M.D.

A graduate of the University of Virginia, Crystal Gadegbeku, M.D., is a nephrology specialist in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She is affiliated with multiple hospitals and centers such as Temple University Hospital and Cleveland Clinic. Dr. Gadegbeku is the Chair of the Department of Nephrology in the Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute of the Cleveland Clinic Health System. She has been involved in the National Institute of Health clinical and translational research. Dr. Gadegbeku’s areas of clinical interest include the management of hypertension and cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Temple University Department of Nephrology
3401 North Broad Street, Suite 100, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
(215) 707-0744 

5. Eddie Greene, M.D.

Mayo Clinic internist and nephrologist Eddie Green, M.D., treats chronic kidney disease, heart disease, and kidney cancer. His interests include chronic renal failure, cardiovascular disease in chronic renal failure, and renal cell cancer.

Mayo Clinic
200 1st St SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
(507) 284-2511

6. Susanne Nicholas, M.D.

Dr. Nicholas is board-certified in internal medicine and nephrology. She is a tenured Professor of Medicine and Clinical Hypertension Specialist in the Division of Nephrology. She chairs the Nephrology Racial and Health Equity Committee at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). She has joint appointments in the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and the Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Policy.

UCLA Specialty/Endocrinology
200 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 565, Los Angeles, California 90095
310) 267-2555

7. Carmen Peralta, M.D.

Clinical investigator and association professor of medicine Carmen Peralta, M.D., is co-founder and executive director of the Kidney Health Research Collaborative. She is a leader in the epidemiology of kidney disease and hypertension. A graduate of Johns Hopkins University, her research activity focuses on three areas: 1) approaches to improving care of people with kidney disease and reducing racial and ethnic disparities; 2) hypertension, arterial stiffness, and kidney disease; and 3) biomarkers for detection, classification, and risk of early kidney disease.

University of California San Francisco School of Medicine
1600 Divisadero Street, San Francisco, California 94115
(415) 476-2173  

8. Neil Powe, M.D.

A graduate of Harvard Medical School, Neal Powe, M.D., is head of the University of California San Francisco Medicine Service at the Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital. This is one of the leading medicine departments in a public hospital with strong basic, clinical, and health services research programs focused on major diseases affecting diverse patients locally, nationally, and globally. His primary intellectual pursuits involve kidney disease patient-oriented research, epidemiology, and outcomes and effectiveness research.

University of California San Francisco School of Medicine
1001 Potrero Avenue, Room 5F39, San Francisco, California 94110
(628) 206-3465 

9. Crystal Tyson, M.D.

Located in Durham, North Carolina, Crystal Tyson, M.D., specializes in nephrology and renal medicine. Dr. Tyson’s clinical focus is to slow the progression of chronic kidney disease and reduce complications from cardiovascular disease with lifestyle modification. She enjoys building relationships with her patients and collaborating with them on how they can best accomplish their health goals.

Duke Nephrology South Durham
Duke Health Center
234 Crooked Creek Parkway, Suite 400, Durham, North Carolina 27713
(919) 620-5300 

10. Clenton Coleman, M.D.

Located in Teaneck, New Jersey, Clenton Coleman M.D. specializes in Internal Medicine and Nephrology. Dr. Coleman treats conditions including hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease, acute kidney injury, and proteinuria. Dr. Coleman has worked hard to build his practice and uses his expertise to help his patients live longer and fuller lives effectively.

Holy Name Physicians

222 Cedar Ln Ste 109,

Teaneck, NJ 07666 (201) 379-5650

By following the tips we have provided, you will be closer to finding a nephrologist that is perfect for you. We hope that the Black Health Matters Nephrologist Guide will be helpful as you navigate the management of your kidney health.

The post Looking for a Kidney Specialist? Check Out the Black Health Matters Nephrologist Guide appeared first on Black Health Matters.

A new study from Duke University School of Medicine, published last fall, delved into why younger Black women are disproportionately impacted by triple-negative breast cancer. Their findings point to one possible factor involving a molecular distinction in African American women under 50.

The exploratory study analyzed clinical, demographic, DNA methylation, and gene expression data from publicly available data repositories. The investigators found that African American women under age 50 had a unique DNA methylation profile compared to older African American women and white women of all ages.

Maggie DiNome, MD FACS, the study’s lead author, says, “This study shows us that we need to look a little closer at the molecular differences of breast cancers by race and ethnicity and not just assume that triple-negative breast cancer is necessarily the same cancer in all people.” The findings may help in the development of targeted treatments for younger Black women with aggressive breast cancers.

What is Inflammatory Breast Cancer?

Inflammatory breast cancer is a rare form of breast cancer that accounts for less than 5 percent of all breast cancer diagnoses. It blocks the vessels in the skin that carry lymph fluid throughout the body. This form of cancer causes the breasts to look swollen and red.

Patients with inflammatory breast cancer may experience red and swollen breasts, bruised skin around the breasts, swollen lymph nodes in the underarms, burning sensations, and increased breast size. The skin may also look pitted like an orange because the fluid is all backed up, and the nipple may face inward.

How serious is it? Very. Women diagnosed with this form do not live as long as women with other types of this disease. Inflammatory breast cancer can develop and progress in a few weeks or months. For many women, when they are diagnosed with this form, they are already in stage III or IV, and the cancer may have spread to other lymph nodes or other parts of the body.

Even though it can be harder to treat, usually the first step is chemotherapy—a drug treatment that uses powerful chemicals to kill fast-growing cells—then surgery to remove the tumors, followed up with radiation therapy. There has been a call by many researchers to get more funding to advance the current treatment

According to the NIH, 20% to 40% of patients with inflammatory breast cancer have triple-negative breast cancer.

What is Triple-Negative Breast Cancer?

Triple-negative breast cancer lacks the most common receptors that fuel most breast cancer growth—estrogen, progesterone, and the HER-2/neu gene—making it “triple negative.” Because these tumors lack these receptors, it’s harder to treat this form of cancer with traditional hormone therapy. This cancer accounts for 10 percent to 20 percent of all diagnoses.

This particular cancer doesn’t really look much different from other forms; it just has some different characteristics. Only testing will tell you if you have this form.

The post What Black Women Should Know About Aggressive Breast Cancer appeared first on Black Health Matters.

But about 5-10% of breast cancers are thought to be genetic. Yet, there is not much discussion about genetic testing in our community. We have heard about the BRAC-1 and BRAC-2 gene mutations, but did you know that we all have those genes? BreastCancer.org says, “The function of the BRCA genes is to repair cell damage and keep breast, ovarian, and other cells growing normally. But when these genes contain mutations that are passed from generation to generation, the genes don’t function normally, and breast, ovarian, and other cancer risk increases.” These mutations account for 1 in 10 breast cancer diagnoses.

Robert Leone Ferre, MD, an oncologist at the Mayo Clinic who is studying triple-negative breast cancer, says, “It’s a bit more common at younger ages and in African American women, Hispanic women, and women of Indian descent. We also see this subtype more commonly in women who have a genetic mutation predisposing them to breast cancer — the BRCA1 mutation, in particular.”

Research by the American Cancer Society examined the need for genetic counseling to assess our risk for breast cancer and concluded that we need it as much as white women. There is limited data on those of us whose ancestors come from Africa.

The report says, “Genetic testing, counseling, and treatment refinement could benefit AA women. AA women have a higher incidence of breast cancer before age 50, a higher incidence of estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer, a more frequent family history of ovarian cancer, and a 42% higher breast cancer death rate than White women.”

Since there was a knowledge gap, the researchers turned to the United States-based Cancer Risk Estimates Related to Susceptibility (CARRIERS) consortium. They reviewed data from 5,504 AA women with breast cancer and 4,993 AA women without breast cancer from 10 epidemiologic studies (including the American Cancer Society (ACS) Cancer Prevention Studies, CPS-II, and CPS-3).

Because of the aggressive nature of triple-negative breast cancer and the lack of therapeutic options, it is important to know which individuals face a higher risk and what factors may influence this risk, the researchers note.

The researchers looked in the data from AA women for pathogenic mutations in the 12 genes associated mostly with European ancestry. They found:

• Among the 23 genes tested in this study, pathogenic mutations were identified in 8% of AA women who had breast cancer and 2% who did not.
• Mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, and PALB2 were linked with high risks of developing breast cancer.
• The frequency of pathogenic mutations was especially high (10%) in AA women with ER-breast cancer (triple-negative breast cancer).

So why aren’t more of us undergoing genetic testing? Many used to believe that it didn’t apply to us because we are often diagnosed at a younger age. However, this study found that finding out whether “a woman has certain cancer predisposition genes is, in fact, highly predictive of the development of breast cancer in Black women.” But the reason we are not widely exploring these options is because our physicians don’t recommend them and our limited access to care.

The post Black Women Have a Higher Triple Negative Breast Cancer Risk (Why Aren’t We Doing Genetic Testing?) appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Why Some Balms Dry Out Your Lips

The American Academy of Dermatology suggests that we check the label of our go-to balms. Ingredients that include camphor, eucalyptus, menthol, lanolin, salicylic acid, fragrance, and flavors like cinnamon, citrus, mint, and peppermint may be irritating. Cooling, plumping, or exfoliating products can worsen matters. Even balms that are formulated with glycerin and hyaluronic acid can be problematic because they also attract moisture to the skin. But in low humidity, they pull moisture out of your skin, leaving lips drier than they were before.

The Ingredients That Work Best

Dermatologists recommend looking for lip products that strengthen the skin with emollients like ceramides or are occlusive, which means they seal in moisture —like petroleum jelly, coconut oil, or beeswax. Other hydrating ingredients include castor seed oil, hemp seed oil, mineral oil, shea butter, and dimethicone.

Traditional Balm Picks

Aquaphor Lip Protectant & Sunscreen, $7.54, offers SPF 30 protection, is fragrance-free, doesn’t contain dyes, and is paraben-free.

L’Occictane Shea Butter Ultra Rich Lip Balm, $13, has Shea Butter, Sunflower Oil, Vitamin E, and Beeswax.

Summer Fridays Lip Butter Balm in Vanilla, $24, is 100% vegan, contains Shea and Murumuru Seed Butters and vegan waxes, and offers cruelty-free hydration.

Vaseline Advanced Healing Lip Therapy is ideal if petroleum jelly has always been your go-to.

Lip Oil Picks

A lip oil can be a great choice if you want hydration and sometimes want a hint of color.

Burt’s Bees Hydrating Lip Oil with Sweet Almond Oil, $6.59, is a 100% natural formula that contains responsibly sourced ingredients that hydrate and help retain moisture.

Ami Colé Lip Treatment Oil, $20 (each), combines Baobab Seed. Camellia and Passionfruit Oil with a light wash of color. Available in six shades.

Fenty Skin Fenty Treatz Hydrating and Strengthening Lip Oil, $24, mixes Sweet Cherry, Jojoba, and Rose Hip Fruit Oils, and Barbados and Wild Cherry Extracts to nourish, soothe, and condition lips.

In addition to using a product that offers hydrating properties to our lips, we also need to ensure we get our H20.

The post 7 Moisturizing Lip Products We Love appeared first on Black Health Matters.

This study looked at the habits of those 18 and younger. It analyzed 90 studies involving more than 600,000 participants. Regarding girls, 1 in 10 didn’t just use a nonprescription weight loss remedy in their lifetime; they’ve used them in the past year.

Why is this dangerous? Here’s the issue: use of diet pills and other weight loss medicines can result in other health issues. Experts warn that in the long term, unhealthy weight control behaviors, including weight loss products without a doctor’s prescription, can contribute to increased body weight. Using these products can also put youth at risk for developing eating disorders within just a few years. According to StatNews, studies have also found that the use of the products is associated with low self-esteem, depression, and substance use. And young people have died from using these solutions.

“The incidence of eating disorders has increased pretty dramatically after the pandemic. We’ve seen the numbers skyrocket,” Dr. Paula Cody, medical director of adolescent medicine at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, told CNN. “So I think that the concern I had before was not a small matter then — I’m even more concerned now.”

According to an article written on the subject. You are probably thinking eating disorders are not an issue in our community, but we are not immune. According to the National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA), eating disorders “affect people from all demographics of all ethnicities at similar rates. People of color — especially African Americans — are significantly less likely to receive help for their eating issues.”

Rachel Goode, an assistant professor in the School of Social Work at the University of North Carolina Nutrition Research Institute and an adjunct assistant professor in the Center for Eating Disorder Excellence, says looking at eating disorders in our community is complex. And what you should know is that eating disorders from our community are often associated with the strong Black women syndrome.

The good news is that states are making moves to regulate the sale of the supplements. New York, for example, New York State has banned over-the-counter diet pills. Lawmakers have also introduced legislation to regulate them in California, Maryland, Massachusetts, Missouri, and New Jersey.

What do you need to do? Find out if your teens, especially your daughters, know  about “budget Ozempic.” Share the dangers. If you suspect they have body image issues, check out resources like About Face and The National Alliance for Eating Disorders.

The post Budget Ozempic: Talk to Your Teens About This Dangerous Trend appeared first on Black Health Matters.

What is Medulloblastoma?

According to the Mayo Clinic, medulloblastoma is a cancerous brain tumor that starts in the lower part of the brain called the cerebellum, which plays a part in muscle coordination, balance, and movement. The medulloblastoma cells spread through the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

The condition accounts for 20% of all childhood brain tumors and is more common in younger children (ages five to nine). But it can also impact adults between the ages of 20 and 40.

Medulloblastoma Symptoms

According to the NIH, people with medulloblastoma in the cerebellum may have:

• Issues with walking, balance, and/or fine motor skills

If the tumor blocks the Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), this can lead to increased pressure inside the skull. This problem is known as hydrocephalus.

Signs and symptoms of hydrocephalus may include:

• Headaches
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Blurred and double vision
• Extreme sleepiness
• Confusion
• Seizures and even passing out

If medulloblastoma has spread to the spine, symptoms may include:

• Weakness or numbness in the arms and or legs
• A change in normal bowel or bladder habits
• Spinal pain

What is the Treatment?

Ms. Strahan is undergoing all the necessary steps to treat her cancer. She began with surgery and afterward went through the process of freezing her eggs. Next, 30 sessions of radiation over a six-week period. At times, she felt fatigue and dizziness and experienced bouts of nausea later in the process. Next month, she will begin chemotherapy at Duke Children’s Hospital and Health Center. For some patients, bone marrow transplants and clinical trials may be prescribed. The five-year survival rate for medulloblastoma is 72.1%.  Ms. Strahan’s doctor discussed her diagnosis and treatment here.

What is Next for Isabella Strahan?

After staying quiet about her diagnosis, Strahan wants to be a voice that brings information and hope to people with cancer. She is partnering with the hospital to document her journey on a YouTube channel.

The post Isabella Strahan Was Diagnosed With Brain Cancer : Medulloblastoma Explained appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Vicarious bullying is a real phenomenon present in higher education and corporate America. In a literature review written by Laurenda McKinney and two other academics. They note, “Workplace bullying in higher education may destroy self-determination and career progression for marginalized populations because these employees often do not have the dominant culture’s organizational power and executive rank.” While Lincoln University of Missouri is an HBCU, the leader is white.

The paper also explains that the behavior is known as vicarious bullying when bullies are given organizational support, are aided in their mission, and have support from other leaders in the organization who do their bidding. When many Black women working in higher education are in this situation, they start making career moves that keep them safe instead of trying to make career progressions.

In an article written by Leah P. Hollis, Ph.D., who is associate dean for access, equity, and inclusion at the Penn State College of Education, she writes, “Whether workplace bullying is a product of suppressed racism or sexism or a product of an insecure boss abusing an employee, close to 37% of Americans will face workplace bullying in their lifetime.”

According to Dr. Hollis, only five states, Utah, Tennessee, Minnesota, Maryland, and California, have laws addressing workplace bullying.

Harvard Business Review article reports about 46.8 million Americans are bullied at work (30% of the population). A 2021 poll conducted by the Workplace Bullying Institute gives us even more insight:

• 19% have witnessed bullying at work
• 66% are aware of workplace bullying
• 67% of bullies are male
• 65 of the bullying targets are female
• 45% of Black people surveyed had experienced bullying

We also know that when institutions and corporations attempt to address workplace bullying, they engage in some ineffective tactics like putting the burden on the victim to prove their experience, addressing behavior after the individual or company has been harmed, and only recognizing overt acts and hostile behavior as bullying. We know that workplace bullies can be sneaky.

So what does work? Organizations must recognize that this isn’t a problem for individuals; workplace bullying flourishes because of the organizational environment. A systemic approach must be used to change the systems. The HBR article states, “Effective anti-bullying mechanisms are rooted in organizational justice, transparency, a focus on outcomes, and using valid instruments in decision making. They are supported by tools that facilitate inclusive, flexible work; voice; and participation.”

We hope that Dr.Candia-Bailey’s death will be a wake-up call to institutions and organizations to be proactive about the issue of workplace bullying. And for our community to be mindful of how it impacts Black women no matter where they work.

The post Bullying in the Workplace: The Toll It Takes On Black Women appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Make Sure You Get a Second Opinion.

According to Dr. Carol Brown, MD, FACOG, FACS, a Gynecologic Surgeon at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, “If you are diagnosed with cervical cancer, the most important thing is to get an opinion from a gynecologic oncologist, a specialist who has had many years of training just to be able to take care of women with cervical cancer.” To find a Gynecologic Oncologist near you, visit the Society of Gynecologic Oncology website. Check with your insurance company to ensure that the second opinion is covered.

Understand Your Diagnosis.

Your doctor will categorize the type of cervical cancer according to stages. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) says staging describes where the cancer is located, if or where it has spread, and whether it affects other body parts. Those stages will range from I to IV, with substages within each group. And they factor into your treatment recommendations.

Cancer.net suggests asking the following questions:

• What is my diagnosis, and what does it mean?
• What is the stage of the precancer or cancer? What does this mean?
• Can you explain my pathology report (laboratory test results) to me?

Treatments Plan Will Depend on the Stage of Your Cancer.

Rachel Clark Sisodia MD, Associate Professor of Harvard Medical School and a Gynecologic Oncologist and Gynecologic Surgeon at Mass General Brigham Hospital, notes that precancer dysplasia, for example, can be fixed with an in-office procedure. “With early-stage cancers, it is important to know that surgery gets pretty aggressive, pretty quickly, and that is what is required to cure your cancer,” she explains. “For more advanced cancers, those tend to be harder to cure. They are almost always treated with a combination of chemotherapy and radiation.”

Know Who May Be Part of Your Medical Team.

A gynecologic oncologist will oversee treatment, but they may work alongside a gynecologic surgeon, a medical oncologist, and a radiation oncologist, depending on your care plan.

Discuss Fertility Preservation Options If You Are Of Childbearing Years.

Treatment of cervical cancer can trigger early menopause. If you want to have children, it is important to discuss fertility preservation options with your healthcare team before embarking on your treatment. At NYU Langone Perlmutter Cancer Center, those with smaller tumors may be candidates for radical trachelectomy. In this procedure, doctors leave in place the uterus, the ovaries, which contain a woman’s eggs, and the fallopian tubes, which carry the eggs to the uterus. Another option to preserve fertility is freezing your eggs before treatment.

Don’t Neglect Your Mental Health.

The shame associated with having a form of cancer connected to a sexual organ comes with stigmas that make us want to hide it. Don’t. Remember that cervical cancer is a result of HPV, a sexually transmitted infection that nearly all sexually active people get in their lifetime. Talk about your diagnosis with family and friends. Make sure they are being screened. Add a social worker, therapist, or counselor to your team to discuss your concerns.

Get Support For Those Who’ve Been in Your Shoes.

Finding virtual and in-person support can assist you further in managing your cervical cancer journey. A few organizations to explore are Cervivor, a global non-profit education community of patient advocates who can provide inspiration, empowerment, and a safe place to learn more. Founded by Tamika Felder, a Black woman who survived the disease, it serves all women impacted by the disease, but the organization also has groups like Cervivor Noir for Black women. The Resilient Sisterhood Network promotes education on women’s reproductive diseases through in-person events and webinars.

The post You Have Been Diagnosed With Cervical Cancer, Now What? appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Several regional studies have proved that these guidelines may need further examination. At the University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, researchers found that 1 in 5 cervical cancers diagnosed from 2009-2018 were 65 and over. A large majority, 71%, of these women received a diagnosis at a late stage. The patient’s 5-year survival rate for late-stage patients 65 and over was between 23.2%-36.8%. However, that percentage shrank the older the patient, with the lowest survival rate for women over 80.

According to Human Rights Watch, In Georgia, data shows that from 2014 to 2018, Black women had cervical cancer mortality rates almost one and a half times as high as white women, even though overall cervical cancer rates for both groups are nearly the same. While in that state, Black women over 70 are almost three times as likely to die. Researchers believe that guidelines that end screenings at age 65 represent missed opportunities to save lives. Racial disparities are especially glaring in rural areas where Black women face a cervical cancer incidence rate almost 50 percent higher than white women. In Appalachian Kentucky, the cervical cancer rate is also twice the national average.

Last year, The American Cancer Society said that:

• About 13,960 new cases of invasive cervical cancer will be diagnosed.
• About 4,310 women will die from cervical cancer.

While most diagnoses are caught between the ages of 35-44, the average age for a cervical cancer diagnosis is 50.

In a previous study, researchers found that the incidence of cervical cancer rose steadily with age, peaking at ages 65 to 69. In fact, in this study, the incidence of cervical cancer among women ages 65 to 69 was 84 percent higher than previously reported.

For black women, the numbers are even more alarming. In this study, black women had higher cervical cancer rates than white women at nearly every age, with the most significant difference among the 65 to 69 set.

“Our corrected calculations show that women just past 65 when current guidelines state that screenings can stop for many women, have the highest rate of cervical cancer,” study lead author Anne Rositch, an assistant professor of epidemiology and public health at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, said in a release. “It will be important to consider these findings when re-evaluating risk and screening guidelines for cervical cancer in older women and the appropriate age to stop screening.”

According to Rositch, we need further studies to determine “whether the continued increase in cervical cancer rates with age and the higher rates in African-American women represent a failure in our screening programs or a failure of the women to be screened so that appropriate interventions can be applied.”

Many women in our community don’t consider the importance of gynecological screenings when they are no longer of childbearing years. But, a study found that women over 65 were less likely to be screened for cervical cancer. The Centers for Disease Control says, “The only way to know it is safe to stop being tested after age 65 is if you have had several tests in a row that didn’t find cancer within the previous ten years, including at least one in the previous five years.”

• You should have three normal tests in a row for the Pap test alone.
• You should have two normal tests in a row for the Pap-HPV co-test.
• Women at high risk should talk with their doctors about how often to get screened and at what age.
• The CDC says screening after age 65 may be appropriate for some women at high risk, including women with a history of cervical lesions or cancer, women whose mothers took a hormone called diethylstilbestrol (DES) while pregnant, or women who have a weakened immune system.

If you or a loved one is approaching 65 or they are all older, make sure you ask about whether continued screening for cervical cancer is appropriate.

The post Why Black Women Over 65 Still Need Cervical Cancer Screenings appeared first on Black Health Matters.

The study analyzed PFA exposure of patients already diagnosed with thyroid cancer. It found “that adults had a higher likelihood of developing thyroid cancer with greater exposure to linear PFOS, and increased risks for thyroid cancer were observed with exposure to five types of PFAS for adults diagnosed more than one year after plasma samples were collected.”

Why is this Important for Us to Know?

According to research from Harvard, our community and Hispanics are more likely to be exposed to PFAs in our drinking water. The findings were published in Environmental Science and Technology. “Our work suggests that the sociodemographic groups that are often stressed by other factors, including marginalization, racism, and poverty, are also more highly exposed to PFAS in drinking water,” said first author Jahred Liddie, a Ph.D. student in population health sciences at Harvard Chan School. “Environmental justice is a major emphasis of the current administration, and this work shows it should be considered in the upcoming regulations for PFAS in drinking water.” And the researchers of the thyroid study want to bring attention to including these chemicals in other products that may increase our exposure.

One thing you can do now is to invest in a  filter to remove PFAs from your drinking water. We suggest checking out those the Environmental Working Group (EWG) recommended. Although our risk may be low, if you have a family history of thyroid disease or cancer, talk to your healthcare professional about screenings.

The post What is Increasing Our Odds for Thyroid Cancer? appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Researchers discovered that participants with high HDL-C (80mg/dL) have a 27% increased risk for dementia. And the findings for those 75 and older are even more important to note since these folks had a 42% increased risk for dementia. (An ideal HDL-C level is 40 to 60  mg/dL for men and 50 to 60 for women).

The study reported that among 18,668 participants included in this analysis, 2709 had very high HDL-C at study entry, with 38 incidents of dementia in those aged less than 75 years with very high levels and 101 in those aged 75 and more with very high levels.

But what’s interesting is that risk factors are not related to diet but might result from a metabolic disorder. More research is necessary to use these findings in a preventative manner. These findings may help unlock who contracts dementia. Our community must understand that our elders are twice as likely to be diagnosed with Alzheimer’s—or other forms of dementia as older white Americans.

But according to the Alzheimer’s Association, only 35% of African Americans are concerned about Alzheimer’s or dementia.

However, in the meantime, begin monitoring your LDL,  HDL, and Triglycerides numbers and work toward getting them all within healthy ranges. This may require modifications to diet, exercising more, and losing weight. But if you believe your numbers put you at higher risk for dementia in the future, it is essential to discuss this with your healthcare provider.

The post Dementia Risk and Cholesterol: What’s the Connection? appeared first on Black Health Matters.

The hustle and bustle of the holidays can bring unexpected medical concerns, including a syndrome known as holiday heart. The National Institute of Health says, “Holiday heart syndrome typically refers to atrial fibrillation induced by binge alcohol consumption, frequently observed during long weekends, vacations, and holidays. The most common symptom that patients present with is palpitations. Symptoms of palpitations can be transient or persistent.”

But beyond this particular syndrome, several studies have shown that the incidence of heart attack and stroke increases in December and January. The top three days for heart attacks are Christmas Day, December 26th, and New Year’s Day. In addition, it is also stroke season. Most occur between November and February, which also includes the holidays.

It’s the time of year when we often find ourselves at holiday parties where plenty of alcohol and high-fat foods are offered. Overindulging in spiked eggnog and rich buttery cookies can lead to more than indigestion; it can lead to holiday heart syndrome when overeating and overindulging in alcohol leads to an irregular heartbeat. And it’s not just one meal or one party but a round of eating, drinking, and being merry that sets this time of year apart from the rest of the year.

To minimize the risk of an unexpected visit to the emergency room, Kevin Barrett, M.D., vascular neurologist at Mayo Clinic in Florida and co-director of the Mayo Clinic Primary Stroke Center, offers these tips:

•     Reduce stress.
•     Eat and drink in moderation. Have a small snack or meal before a gathering to help avoid overindulgence.
•     Be vigilant with medication.
•     Exercise—and get rest.
•     Know the symptoms of heart attack (which may include the common chest pain but also more subtle signs, such as unusual fatigue, shortness of breath, and neck, back, or shoulder pain, especially in women) and stroke, and don’t delay in seeking medical attention.

Taking time to be mindful of stress, heart attack, and stroke triggers can hopefully help safeguard an enjoyable and pleasant holiday season.

The post Beware of Holiday Heart appeared first on Black Health Matters.

According to a recent article in the journal Emotion, one of the issues may be that we judge ourselves too harshly when negative emotions occur, especially during the holidays. Anger, disappointment, and anxiety are natural responses to things happening around us. But when we judge those feelings as negative reactions that are bad or wrong, we are more likely to feel anxiety and become depressed. Those who accept that emotions are normal parts of life don’t have the same adverse reactions. One of the authors, Emily Wilroth, assistant professor of Psychology & Brain Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis, said that we can learn much from how we react if we pay attention.

“For example, sadness signals to other people that we need their support; fear can protect us from risky situations; and anger can help us stand up for ourselves and others.”

But even when we accept that negative emotions occur in our lives. Researchers stress that it doesn’t equal agreement with the actions or situations that led up to it. Taking steps to alleviate the factors that stress us out is necessary. And it’s far better than fuming over an issue for days.

So, when feelings become overwhelming, ask these questions: How serious is this? Am I judging my reaction too harshly? What action do I need to take to change the situation? How can I give myself grace, move on, and enjoy the holidays?

While holiday music may have overtaken your playlist, perhaps adding a Bobby McFerrin (Don’t Worry Be Happy)  or Pharrell Williams (Happy) could be a reminder. Or tune into those movies for a little escapism.

The post A Secret to Surviving the Holidays: Don’t Stress the Small Stuff appeared first on Black Health Matters.

• Layers are your friends. When it’s cold, your body diverts blood away from your fingers and toes and directs it to your core. This can open you up to frostbite. The solution? Layers. Start with clothing made of moisture-wicking material and cover with warmer layers. Your outer layer should be a waterproof jacket to protect you from elements like snow. Avoid cotton (it holds moisture from perspiration); wear gloves and a hat. As your body heats up from activity, you can take off layers.
• Sunscreen is still a must. Cover all exposed skin, including your lips. Try Unsun Mineral Tinted Face Sunscreen SPF 30.
• Protect your eyes. Winter sun can be a beast, especially when it bounces off snow on the ground. Wear shades.
• Treat your lungs gently. Breathing in cold air while exercising can cause airway constriction, which can cause shortness of breath or a full-blown exercise-induced asthma attack. Throw a scarf around your nose and mouth to trap moist air.
• Stay hydrated. Even if you don’t feel thirsty, drink water before and after your workout.
• Choose a clean, dry path. Are you a ride-or-die runner? Keep striding. But check for icy patches and adjust your speed as necessary to avoid falling, which could result in an injury. Steer clear of puddles, too. Wet socks and shoes can contribute to frostbite.
• Monitor your body. If you start shivering, your body is signaling your core temperature has dropped below a comfortable level. Kick up the intensity of your workout to create additional body heat.
• Check the forecast. We know you’re trying to stay on track for that half-marathon in April, but exercising in whiteout blizzard conditions or 30-degree temps is crazy—and unsafe. Take your workout indoors.
• Always tell someone where you’re going and when you’ll return.

The post Exercising Outdoors in Winter? Here’s How to Stay Safe and Warm appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Change products.

Switch from the lightweight cleansers and moisturizers that got you through the spring and summer to bath and body items that are more substantial. Go for creamy, moisturizing bar or liquid soaps. Look to lotions and creams containing humectants like hyaluronic acid, glycerin and urea that draw in moisture, and emollients like lactic acid, lanolin, shea butter, silicone and mineral and plant oils to protect and lubricate skin.=

Make it quick.

Take short baths and showers and keep the water temperature comfortably warm rather than steaming hot. Apply lotions and creams to your skin while it’s damp to lock in moisture.

Exfoliate.

Sloughing off dry skin once or twice a week actually helps moisturizers to better penetrate your skin.

Hydrate Often.

Moisturize skin throughout the day, particularly hands and lips, which are the most susceptible to dryness and chapping from being exposed to the elements.

Zap dry indoor air.

Invest in a humidifier. Or if you have radiators, try placing containers of water on them for the same hydrating effect.

Layer comfortably.

Wool sweaters, socks and gloves absorb moisture and can aggravate sensitive skin. To avoid it, layer silk or soft cotton fabrics under you woolens to help skin breathe and wick away perspiration while adding a lightweight layer of warmth.

Drink up.

Getting plenty of H2O is just as important during the colder months as it is when it’s warm. Staying properly hydrated diminishes the appearance of dry, dull-looking skin.

Our Product Picks:

The post 7 Winter Skin Moisturizing Tips (Plus Products That Keep You Hydrated) appeared first on Black Health Matters.

The Flu is the Highest in These Ten States

1. South Carolina
2. Louisiana
3. Mississippi
4. Alabama
5. Georgia
6. Puerto Rico
7. Texas
8. New Mexico
9. Florida
10. California

The Flu is Minimal or Low In These Ten States

1. Minnesota
2. Montana
3. South Dakota
4. Nebraska
5. Vermont
6. West Virginia
7. Delaware
8. The US Virgin Islands
9. Maine
10. Washington

How Does the Flu Vaccine Factor in?

Many of us are wary of vaccinations because we aren’t confident in them. But other reasons include our inability to access insurance and health care. We also have a higher incidence of asthma, diabetes, obesity and other chronic conditions which raise the possibility of complications. When we have chronic conditions, it is important to understand the risks to health when we decide not to be vaccinated.

How One Community Is Working to Encourage Flu Shots

In Alleghany County, Pennsylvania, The University of Pittsburgh conducted focus groups with Black residents to better understand vaccine issues. In that community, one in five residents lives below the poverty line. The strategies they tried included explaining how the vaccine works (from the ingredients to the side effects) and the impact on the individuals and their families. For example, they wanted younger people with higher immune responses to know they would protect their family’s older people by getting a flu shot. Finally, they shared the data about what happens to us when we don’t, a greater chance of hospitalization than any other race, and a 16% higher mortality rate from the flu and pneumonia.

If the flu is trending in your state, be vigilant about protecting yourself and consider being vaccinated. Check The Weekly Influenza Tracker  often as the data will be updated regularly. If you have questions about flu vaccines, talk to your health care provider about your concerns.

The post 10 States Being Hit Hardest by the Flu (And 10 With the Lowest Outbreaks) appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Other famous athletes who have asthma include NBA All-Star Dennis Rodman and NBA Hall-of-Famer Isaiah Thomas.

Black Americans bear a significant burden of having asthma. Dr. Hawkins provides expert insight into identifying triggers and managing the condition, highlighting the importance of education, empowerment, and knowledge.

What is asthma and how do we recognize it?

It’s very likely that you or someone you know has or has been impacted by asthma. It is a common disease that affects the lungs. Asthma is more common in the African American community and we have more severe types.

You have two lungs and their job is to get oxygen into the blood and tissues so the body can get rid of carbon dioxide. To better understand the impact asthma has on your body, think of your lungs as a tree. The tree trunk is your windpipe and the tree branches are the bronchioles that allow air into the lungs and blood.

If you have asthma, your “tree branches” become narrow from inflammation which can prevent air from circulating in your lungs properly. This is what causes your asthma symptoms. Some symptoms may include cough, mucus production, chest pain and pressure, and shortness of breath with rest or with physical activity.

When your symptoms flare up, this can result in an asthma exacerbation which can impact your normal daily activities. Asthma flares are one of the top reasons why people may miss school or work. Flares can also impact your emotional and mental well-being. You can help prevent flares by recognizing your triggers.

What are common asthma triggers?

Triggers are the things that make you more likely to experience a flare. Everyone is different so it’s important to recognize what your specific triggers are. Knowing your triggers can help you avoid them and use prevention as a treatment for your condition.

Some common triggers include airborne triggers such as air pollution, cold air, and seasonal changes. Common allergens that may also be triggers include trees, grass, pollen, dust mites, animals/pets, cockroaches, and household cleaners. Asthma can even be triggered by illnesses such as colds or viruses. These triggers can be difficult to control and avoid depending on your environment.

Some triggers that you may have a little more control over include exercise and emotional stressors such as stress, anxiety, trauma, and exposure to certain medications.

Identifying your triggers can be challenging and some triggers may be easily confused with other conditions such as seasonal allergies. Being aware of potential triggers is a great first step in taking action and understanding your specific triggers.

“Knowing your body allows you to control your asthma so it doesn’t control you.”

How has allergic asthma impacted the Black community?

Many of us have other high-risk health problems such as diabetes in addition to asthma. If your asthma flares, it may cause your other conditions to flare which can lead to poor long-term outcomes. It is important to understand your body and how asthma impacts you, especially as African Americans who are at higher risk for most chronic health conditions.

Take Action!

Dr. Hawkins provided useful and practical tips for managing your asthma.

• Take control by educating yourself and others about asthma
• Use what you learn to help take care of yourself and the ones you care about
• Communicate your expectations to your provider
• Collaborate with your healthcare team to develop an action plan
• Help your provider by engaging in your care because medicine is not magic

Start the conversation. Advocate for yourself. Discuss your concerns with your healthcare provider, and collaborate to come up with a plan to manage your asthma.

This session was sponsored by Genentech

Presented by: 

Randy W. Hawkins MD 

Audra J. Johnson, PhD, Medical Science Liaison 

The post Having Trouble Managing Your Asthma? appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Fall is here, and winter will be upon us before we know it. Since the temperature has dropped, it’s also time to drop into those bulky sweaters, some comfort food and those television marathons. If, however, you want to finish the final month of the year with that “get fit” resolution you set last January, then these tips can help you enjoy the changing season without changing up your health for the worse.

1. Dress to impress. Maybe I have a bra on, maybe I don’t. Maybe I still have my pajamas on under this oversized sweatshirt. No one will ever know. Sound familiar? Well, for many of us, fall and winter are synonymous with oversized clothes, high boots and leggings. The danger in dressing in these camouflage options, however, is that come spring, you may find that the new season also requires a new size.

So if you want to avoid this size surprise, I recommend that you cross-dress this fall and winter. As in, opt to wear nonseasonal pieces and colors from time to time. The way we dress affects the way we feel, so literally brighten the mood with a colorful scarf or vibrant top, or try swapping out that onyx mani for a softer spring color. Dark colors naturally make us want to hibernate, while brighter hues do the opposite, so ward off the winter blues with these simple switches.

2. Chase the sun. The way you start your day can make a huge difference in the way you feel, so tell this seasonal slump what’s up and rise with the sun. The lack of sunlight that results from winter’s shorter days disrupts our internal body clocks. But the degree to which this takes place largely stems from some combination of other factors—your geography, genetics and individual brain chemistry. In fact, according to recent studies, the winter blues affect only 1 percent of Florida residents, compared with about half of those living in colder climates in the U.S. So if relocating is not an option, make a point to rise early. Take 30 minutes to get out for a brisk walk or jog and soak up some of that vitamin D.

3. Take a step in the right direction. Speaking of that morning workout, don’t let the fact that the clock falls back to get you off track. Shorter days make squeezing in a daily workout challenging, so activate your fit life with a bit of technology. In 2013, 1.6 million fitness trackers were sold; in 2014, 8 million; and an estimated 23 million are expected to be sold by the end of 2015. So either squeeze in a little bit with Fitbit, stay on track (and stylish) with Jawbone or drop the price of your lunch to drop a few pounds with Pivotal Living (its tracker is only $12 and yet works just as well as those of competitors). The key is to aim for 10,000 steps daily, since many people get an average of 3,000 steps per day naturally with daily activity. A little goes a long way, so take a step in the right direction.

4. Think healthy comfort food. Baby, it’s cold outside. Read: Bring on the comfort food. Comfort foods are named appropriately. They bring back warm memories, tantalize our taste buds and soothe our souls. Since most comfort foods, however, are deep-fried, covered in cheese or packed with sugar, they can also completely throw off our weight loss or maintenance game. But there’s good news: You don’t have to skip this season’s savory and sweet treats.

With a little swap here and there, you can definitely indulge without the bulge. For instance, try a butternut-squash-inspired mac and cheese to slash half the fat, explore a flourless dessert, or try a broth-based stew instead of a heavy cream-based soup. The little changes will make a big difference, I promise.

5. Lay off the leggings (sometimes). Key word: “sometimes.” Leggings are too cute nowadays to eliminate entirely, but I do recommend inviting an actual waistband to your wardrobe every once in a while. Not only will this help keep your waistline in check, but your entire style game will get an upgrade, too. So dust off your jeans, pencil skirts and actual trousers this season for sure.

By trying on your best-fitting staples every few weeks, you’ll be able to monitor any sneaky waist expansion taking place. I did this last year, skipped the scale entirely, and come spring I was literally skipping into the new season the same size I was the year before. This is a major winter win, considering that many surveys show that most of us gain an average of 5 to 7 pounds in the winter.

6. Get it in while you tune in. You may have been wondering how you’re going to get away with watching much television while keeping your weight in check. Well, you can if you fit in fitness while you tune in. Commercial breaks are a great time to break a sweat. Or take it a step further and vow to reserve watching your favorite hour-long drama for your cardio days at the gym. This will make scheduling your workouts easier and keep your health happy. Need some binge-watching workout ideas? Check out my RAD Couch Potato Workout.

7. Stay social. Finally, I know colder temperatures can lead to hibernation, but no matter how many layers you have to throw on, I highly recommend keeping it social this season. Force yourself to go to parties and maintain your favorite social activities. Having a Hulu marathon on your couch feels good in the moment, but in the long run, hanging with your homies will brighten your mood far more.

Speaking of your homies, save up your vacation time for the winter months and take a trip to a warmer climate, like Florida or California. Or, if you like the snow, hit up a cabin and master the slopes with a winter sport like skiing or snowboarding. Bottom line: Just get out of town and get active while you’re there.

Republished with permission from The Root

The post 7 Ways to Stay Fit in Winter appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Lupus is a serious and complex autoimmune condition that can be damaging to different
parts of the body.¹ If you or a loved one have been diagnosed with lupus, understanding
the basic details of the condition can be empowering and help you receive and provide
necessary support.

What is Lupus?

Lupus occurs when your body’s immune system attacks your healthy cells, resulting in
inflammation and cell damage.^1,2 It is more common in women of childbearing age.^1,2
Severity of the disease can be mild with little to no symptoms or severe with chronic
symptoms. Without the protection of your immune system, you are at higher risk of
potentially experiencing organ damage which can be life-threatening.¹

If you have lupus you will likely experience episodes where your symptoms get worse
known as flares as well as periods of symptom improvement usually referred to as remission.³ Early detection and diagnosis are vital to living a full life and minimizing
complications.

What Causes Lupus?

The exact cause of lupus is unknown. One theory is that there is a genetic link and
specific triggers such as infection, exposure to sunlight, smoking, certain medications or
stress may result in disease expression.^2,3 There may also be hormonal or
environmental factors.^1-3 Additional research is needed to better understand the disease
and how it impacts those affected.

What Are the Risks?

The risk factors for developing lupus include:⁴

• Age and sex
  • Women between the ages of 15-44
• Race
  • Minorities are at higher risk including African American, Hispanic, Asian
    American, Native American, and Pacific Islander
• Family history

Are There Any Complications?

Lupus can raise your risk of developing other health problems and there is an additional
risk of developing these conditions earlier in life.² There are specific health conditions
you should be aware of and take proactive steps to protect yourself.

• Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease and
  you are at an increased risk if you have lupus.² If you have lupus you are more
  likely to experience inflammation and have metabolic syndrome which includes
  elevated blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol. The presence of these
  symptoms are all risk factors for CAD.
• Kidney disease is one of the more serious complications of lupus.² It is also one
  of the most common complications as more than 50% of people with lupus
  experience kidney issues known as lupus nephritis. There are usually no early
  symptoms of kidney disease, but there are routine lab tests that can monitor your
  kidney function over time.

Lupus in Black Women

African American women are at least three times more likely to be diagnosed with
lupus, to be diagnosed at a younger age, and experience worse symptoms including
seizures and strokes.² Black patients are also underrepresented in lupus clinical trials.
You can make a difference by participating in lupus research.

The TOPAZ studies are evaluating an investigational lupus drug. If you or someone you
know has been living with lupus for at least 6 months and are currently taking lupus
medication, click here to learn more about eligibility. If you are eligible and participate in
the study, you will be regularly monitored and receive the investigational drug at no
charge.

References
1. CDC. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
2. CDC. Lupus in Women
3. Lupus Foundation of America. Quick Guide: African Americans and Lupus
4. Lupus Foundation of America. Risk factors for developing lupus

The post All About Lupus: Understanding the Basics appeared first on Black Health Matters.

The study also shed light on nationwide trends in STDs. Chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis were identified as the most commonly reported new STD infections. California had the highest number of cities on the list, contributing 13 cities to the rankings. Additionally, it was noted that 17 of the top 25 cities with the highest STD rates are located in states with healthcare spending below the national average.

A concerning aspect of this data is the unequal burden of STDs within cities, with racial and ethnic minority groups often experiencing the highest rates. Many of the cities with the highest STD rates have a higher percentage of Black and minority residents, emphasizing the importance of addressing health disparities in public health initiatives.

Top Cities with High STD Rates

1. Memphis, Tennessee
2. Jackson, Mississippi
3. Columbia, South Carolina
4. Baltimore, Maryland
5. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
6. New Orleans, Louisiana
7. Milwaukee, Wisconsin
8. Little Rock, Arkansas
9. Washington D.C.
10. Norfolk, Virginia
11. Cleveland, Ohio
12. Greensboro, North Carolina
13. Charlotte, North Carolina
14. Charleston, South Carolina
15. San Francisco, California
16. Jacksonville, Florida
17. Miami, Florida
18. St. Louis, Missouri
19. Fort Lauderdale, Florida
20. Indianapolis, Indiana

While the recent surge in STD rates is certainly concerning, it’s crucial to recognize that these numbers may not still paint the full picture. There’s a strong likelihood that numerous STD cases went unreported during this period. The pandemic, which strained healthcare resources and redirected attention toward COVID-19, resulted in a significant reduction in STD testing nationwide. It’s unrealistic to assume that sexual activity came to a halt during lockdowns, but access to STD screenings was undoubtedly limited.

The CDC clairfies, “If you are sexually active, getting tested for STDs is one of the most important things you can do to protect your health. Make sure you have an open and honest conversation about your sexual history and STD testing with your doctor and ask whether you should be tested for STDs.”

The post Top 20 Cities With The Highest STD Rates in 2023 appeared first on Black Health Matters.

After a lifetime of facing racial and health inequities, Black seniors are confronted with the daunting prospect of spending their twilight years with declining health, limited income, and virtually no savings. The disparities in health outcomes, economic opportunities, and access to quality care have placed them at greater risk, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article explores the critical issues surrounding elder care in the Black community, including the alarming health disparities, cultural norms, and challenges that impact the quality of life for older Black Americans.

Health Disparities

1. Chronic Health Conditions: Numerous studies have shown that Black Americans suffer from a higher prevalence of chronic health conditions, including high blood pressure, diabetes, cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease. These conditions not only reduce their life expectancy but also lead to a diminished quality of life.
2. Healthcare Access: Generations of racial discrimination have resulted in limited access to quality healthcare for Black individuals. They often receive lower-quality care and face barriers in accessing essential medical services.
3. COVID-19 Impact: The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected older Black Americans, resulting in higher infection and mortality rates. Lack of access to healthcare, distrust of institutions, and comorbidities have compounded the crisis.

Economic Inequities:

1. Wealth Gap: Historical economic racism has left many Black seniors with low wages, low homeownership rates, and minimal savings or investments. The wealth gap between Black and white Americans is substantial and continues to grow.
2. Retirement Savings: Many older Black Americans lack retirement savings, with fewer participating in employer-sponsored retirement accounts like 401(k) plans. This leads to reduced financial security in their later years.
3. Social Security Reliance: A significant portion of Black seniors heavily relies on Social Security as their primary source of income. However, the average Social Security benefit is insufficient to cover essential expenses.

Cultural Norms and Family Dynamics:

1. Cultural Values: Providing care for elderly family members is deeply ingrained in Black culture. Many Black caregivers view it as a duty and privilege, to find meaning and purpose in caring for their aging loved ones.
2. Strong Community Networks: Historically, Black families have relied on strong community networks, including churches and extended family, to provide eldercare support. This has shaped cultural norms around caregiving.
3. Distrust of Institutions: Deep-seated mistrust of healthcare and government institutions, rooted in historical injustices such as the Tuskegee syphilis study, leads many older Black Americans to be hesitant about seeking outside help or institutional care.

Challenges and Solutions:

1. Increased Outreach: Healthcare providers and community organizations must engage in targeted outreach to build trust and provide culturally competent care to older Black individuals.
2. Economic Empowerment: Initiatives to address economic disparities, improve access to education, and promote financial literacy can help Black seniors accumulate wealth and retirement savings.
3. Caregiver Support: Acknowledging the vital role of caregivers, particularly in the Black community, and offering support services, respite care, and educational resources can ease the caregiving burden.
4. Culturally Relevant Healthcare: Healthcare professionals should receive cultural sensitivity training to better understand the unique needs and concerns of older Black patients.

Addressing these issues surrounding elder care in our community requires a comprehensive approach that prioritizes healthcare access, economic empowerment, and culturally sensitive support systems. As we strive for equity and justice, it is crucial to ensure that older Black Americans receive the care, dignity, and respect they deserve in their later years.

The post Respect For The Aged Day: Why Elder Care Is Vital To The Black Community appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Understand Your Diagnosis

It is important to understand what is happening in your body and why. Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic condition that results in skin lesions and painful joints. While it may be easier to identify symptoms of a flare such as pain or skin changes, you should also be aware of symptoms like fatigue, anxiety, stress, and sleep changes which may also occur.²

As you navigate your life with psoriatic arthritis, you should challenge yourself to be a lifelong learner when it comes to your condition. Understanding your diagnosis will help empower you to educate your family and friends so that they can be a source of support.

Know Your Triggers

A psoriatic arthritis flare occurs when you notice worsening or more frequently occurring symptoms.³ Some common triggers associated with psoriatic arthritis flares are medication changes, skin infection or injury including sunburn, eating certain foods, weight gain and stress.^2,3 Keeping track of your symptoms and lifestyle changes can help you be proactive and identify your triggers.² For example, if you notice worsening PsA symptoms every time you eat beef or pork, this may be a food trigger and a sign to avoid eating red meat. Make it a goal to know and be able to identify your own personal triggers so that you can better manage them.³ Keeping a journal or log with important details regarding your diagnosis may be beneficial, and there are even apps dedicated to symptom and flare tracking.

Partner With Your Provider

You may work with a specialist such as a rheumatologist or a dermatologist (or both) to help manage your PsA.⁴ Finding a provider who you trust and feel comfortable communicating with openly is a major component of navigating your diagnosis. It is also important that your provider understands how PsA may impact Black patients differently and how symptoms may appear on darker skin tones. It may take some time to find a provider that is a good match for you, but don’t get discouraged. PsA is commonly misdiagnosed, so partnering with your provider is crucial in ensuring your voice is heard. Your care team can also assist with a wide range of other issues such as inadequate treatment, managing side effects, and referrals to other providers or specialists.

Advocate for yourself

Advocating for yourself may look different from person to person. The best way you can advocate for yourself is by taking care of you. When you advocate for yourself, you are choosing to be your biggest supporter and to make self care a priority. You can practice self care by losing weight, exercising, eating healthy, and managing your stress.⁵

Another way you can advocate for yourself and others with psoriatic arthritis is by participating in clinical trials. Clinical trials allow participating individuals to further explore their condition and gain access to high quality care. If you or a loved one have been diagnosed with psoriatic arthritis and have not been treated with biologic therapy, you may be eligible to participate in a psoriatic arthritis clinical trial. Visit BMS Study Connect to learn more.

Funded by Bristol Myers Squibb.

References:

1. National Psoriasis Foundation. About Psoriatic Arthritis
2. Arthritis Foundation. Managing Psoriatic Arthritis Flares
3. Arthritis Foundation. What Triggers an Arthritis Flare
4. American Academy of Dermatology Association. Psoriatic Arthritis: Diagnosis and Treatment
5. Arthritis Foundation. 7 Self-Care Tips for PsA

The post Tips to Navigate Your Psoriatic Arthritis Diagnosis appeared first on Black Health Matters.

A Changing Dining Landscape

The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on dining habits worldwide. As people increasingly favored drive-thru, delivery, or takeout options over dining in, McDonald’s experienced a surge in business through these channels. Consequently, the need for self-serve soda machines in its dining areas dwindled. With digital sales, including orders placed via the McDonald’s app and third-party partners like Uber, now accounting for 40% of total sales, McDonald’s is adapting its restaurant designs accordingly.

In addition to phasing out self-serve soda machines, McDonald’s has introduced the “CosMc’s” concept, which emphasizes smaller dining areas and enhanced convenience. This concept mirrors a broader industry trend, where fast-food chains like Chipotle, Taco Bell, and Starbucks are reimagining their layouts to cater to shifting consumer preferences.

Prioritizing Health and Hygiene

From a health and hygiene standpoint, the removal of self-serve soda machines aligns with the broader aim of minimizing human contact in post-pandemic dining experiences. These machines posed challenges related to hygiene, as customers could inadvertently spread germs by handling the equipment and dispensing their drinks. In this context, ensuring a safer dining environment has become a paramount concern for restaurants.

While discontinuing a service that contributed to the bottom line may seem counterintuitive, the economics of self-serve soda machines are multifaceted. McDonald’s serves Coca-Cola products, and it’s widely believed that the cost of the cup often surpasses that of the beverage itself. When customers enjoy free refills via self-serve stations, profit margins can be squeezed. Moreover, customers may take multiple drinks, increasing the likelihood of spills and machine wear and tear, resulting in higher maintenance costs.

McDonald’s franchise owners have taken proactive steps to address these concerns. Some restaurants have ceased offering empty cups to customers, opting instead for crew members to fill orders and deliver meals and soft drinks directly to dining tables. While this transition requires adjustments for both customers and staff, initial feedback has generally been positive.

The Future of Beverage Service

McDonald’s franchise owners are exploring various approaches to beverage service. Some locations plan to install new, behind-the-counter soda machines, reducing customer interaction with the equipment. An “automated crew pour” system is also in development, allowing beverages to be dispensed without customers needing to touch a button. This system promises to enhance hygiene, decrease theft, and create a more seamless dining experience.

The removal of self-serve soda machines at McDonald’s is emblematic of the broader shift in the fast-food industry towards enhanced convenience, digital service, and heightened hygiene standards. While some may lament the end of an era, this transformation aligns with evolving consumer preferences and addresses concerns about cleanliness and safety.

So raise your paper cups in the air. You have until 2032 to fill ’em up.

The post McDonalds Ending Self-Serve Soda Machines: A Casualty Of COVID-19 appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Paradise Spreads

 

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Kids love dipping, and they have a sweet tooth to satisfy. Paradise Spreads offers a solution with their healthier plant-based spreads designed for both you and your children to dip into. These spreads come in sweet strawberry, chocolate, and caramel sea salt flavors, each paired with grain-free pretzels in individual packs. For those special occasions or larger treat moments, you can also get the spreads in larger containers. Whether you pack them in lunchboxes or save them for post-school munching, Paradise Spreads offers a convenient and wholesome snacking solution for your family.

Mawa’s GrainFreeNola

 

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Mawa’s GrainFreeNola offers delicious gluten-free, protein-rich, and Vegan GrainFreeNola filled with the highest quality organic nuts and seeds sweetened with Medjool dates. It’s a nutritious and wholesome option for those looking to indulge in a healthy snack. What truly sets Mawa’s GrainFreeNola apart is its thoughtful sweetening process. Instead of resorting to artificial sugars or overly processed alternatives, this remarkable snack is delicately sweetened with the natural richness of Medjool dates. These luscious dates infuse each bite with a satisfying sweetness that doesn’t compromise on your health-conscious values.

It’s NOLA

 

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It’s NOLA snacks are a delightful fusion of chewy granola bites and various fruits. . Founder Margaret Barrow aimed to create a product that rekindled her own love for granola bars while adhering to her dietary needs and restrictions. These vegan snacks offer a satisfying way to satisfy your cravings while making a healthier choice compared to cookies and cakes.

Chikas Foods

 

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Chika’s Foods is on a mission to introduce natural ingredients and tantalizing tastes from Africa to food lovers and health-conscious individuals alike. Their commitment to quality and authenticity shines through in every bite. For a snack that’s both flavorful and culturally rich, Chika’s Foods is the perfect choice. According to their website, the mission extends past healthy eating: ” At CHIKA’s, we’re more than just a snack brand; we’re a community of flavour-seekers who are giving back. We’re all about empowering our women and girls. The CHIKA’s Girls Rotation Programme helps secure their future for today, tomorrow, and beyond.”

Moonshot Snacks

 

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Moonshot Snacks not only focuses on creating healthy snacks but also prioritizes environmental sustainability. This Black-Owned Snack brand is committed to being carbon-neutral. Founder Julia Collins has gone a step further by creating Planet FWD, a platform that enables consumer brands to manage their supply chain’s carbon footprint. Julia’s dedication to our health and the planet is truly remarkable and forward-thinking.

Pipcorn Heirloom Snacks

 

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Pipcorn takes snacking to a whole new level with its range of heirloom-based snacks. Whether you’re in the mood for Heirloom Popcorn, Heirloom Cheese Balls, Heirloom Corn Dippers, or Heirloom Crunchies, you’ll enjoy whole-grain, gluten-free, and Non-GMO Project Verified goodness. With Pipcorn, you can savor ancient grains in a modern, healthy snack.

The post 6 Black-Owned Snacks For Back To School Lunches appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Having a first-degree relative with prostate cancer can increase a man’s risk of developing the disease himself. These are some of the questions you can ask your doctor if your family has a history of prostate cancer, depending on the stage you are in as it relates to the disease.

Questions to Ask About Prostate Cancer Risk and Screening

1. What type of prostate cancer screening schedule do you recommend for me, based on my individual medical profile and family history?

2. What are the risks and benefits of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test?

3. Are there any changes I can make to my diet that can help lower my risk of prostate cancer?

Questions to Ask After Getting a Diagnosis

4. What type of prostate cancer do I have?

5. How aggressive is the cancer?

6. Can you explain my pathology report (laboratory test results) to me?

7. What stage is the prostate cancer? What does this mean?

8. What is the Gleason score of the prostate cancer? What does this mean?

Questions to Ask About Choosing a Treatment and Managing Side Effects

9. How much experience do you have treating this type of cancer?

10. What are my treatment options?

11. What clinical trials are available for me? Where are they located, and how do I find out more about them?

12. Does this prostate cancer need to be treated? What would happen if I choose not to start treatment now?

13. What treatment plan do you recommend? Why?

14. What is the goal of each treatment? Is it to eliminate the cancer, help me feel better, or both?

15. What are the possible side effects of each treatment, both in the short term and the long term?

16. How will treatment affect my emotional well-being?

17. Who will be part of my healthcare team, and what does each member do?

18. Who will be leading my overall treatment?

19. How will this treatment affect my daily life? Will I be able to work, exercise, and perform my usual activities?

20. Will I have difficulty controlling my bladder or bowel function after treatment?

21. Could this treatment affect my sex life? If so, how and for how long?

22. Could this treatment affect my ability to have children? If so, should I talk with a fertility specialist before cancer treatment begins? Should I consider sperm banking?

23. If I’m worried about managing the costs of cancer care, who can help me?

24. What support services are available to me? To my family?

25. If I have questions or problems, who should I call?

Questions to Ask About Having Surgery

26. What type of surgery will I have? Will lymph nodes be removed?

27. How long will the operation take?

28. How long will I be in the hospital?

29. Can you describe what my recovery from surgery will be like?

30. Who should I contact about any side effects I experience? And how soon?

31. What are the possible long-term effects of having this surgery?

Questions to Ask About Having Radiation Therapy

32. What type of treatment is recommended?

33. Where will the radiation be focused?

34. What is the goal of this treatment?

35. How long will it take to give this treatment?

36. What side effects can I expect during treatment?

37. Who should I contact about any side effects I experience? And how soon?

38. What are the possible long-term or late effects of having this treatment?

39. What can be done to prevent or relieve the side effects?

Questions to Ask About Having Hormonal Therapy

40. What type of hormonal therapy do you recommend?

41. What is the goal of this treatment?

42. Will I receive this treatment at a hospital or clinic? Or will I take it at home?

43. How long will I need to continue this treatment?

44. What side effects can I expect during treatment?

45. Who should I contact about any side effects I experience? And how soon?

46. What can be done to prevent or relieve the side effects?

Questions to Ask About Planning Follow-Up Care

47. What is the chance that the cancer will come back? Should I watch for specific signs or symptoms?

48. What long-term side effects or late effects are possible based on the cancer treatment I received?

49. What follow-up tests will I need, and how often will those tests be needed?

50. How do I get a treatment summary and survivorship care plan to keep in my personal records?

In addition to these questions, consider asking your doctor about recovery time if you plan to work or resume your usual activities. If you have concerns about fertility or impotence, inquire about those topics as well.

Remember that doctors aren’t the only ones who can provide information. Other healthcare professionals, such as nurses and social workers, can also help answer your questions. Open and honest discussions with your cancer care team are crucial to making informed decisions about your health. Your family history of prostate cancer may increase your risk, but proactive measures and knowledge can help you navigate this journey.

The post 50 Questions To Ask Your Doctor if Your Family Has a History of Prostate Cancer appeared first on Black Health Matters.

1. Genetic Complexity: Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is not just a single gene condition. It arises when a person inherits two specific genes, one from each parent. These genes, much like pieces of a genetic puzzle, determine various traits, including the susceptibility to this disease. The interplay of these genetic factors is complex and unique to each individual.
2. Global Impact: SCD knows no boundaries, and its impact reverberates worldwide. It’s not confined to a specific region; rather, it’s a global health concern. In the United States alone, approximately 100,000 individuals grapple with the challenges posed by SCD. However, this is just a fraction of the millions around the world who are affected by this condition.
3. Diverse Types: SCD is far from a one-size-fits-all condition. It manifests in various forms, each with its distinct characteristics and challenges. Hemoglobin SS, commonly known as sickle cell anemia, stands out as the most prevalent form. This specific type occurs when a person inherits two Hemoglobin S sickle cell traits, resulting in the most severe manifestation of the disease. Other variations include Hemoglobin SC and sickle beta thalassemia, each presenting its unique set of circumstances.
4. Diagnostic Prowess: Diagnosing SCD or even determining if someone carries the sickle cell trait is not straightforward. It requires specialized blood tests such as Hemoglobin Electrophoresis and a Complete Blood Count (CBC). These tests provide valuable insights into the types of hemoglobin an individual produces and assess hemoglobin levels, a critical indicator of anemia.
5. Altered Blood Cells: One of the defining features of SCD is its impact on the structure and behavior of red blood cells. Under stressful conditions, these cells undergo a remarkable transformation, adopting peculiar crescent or banana-like shapes. Unlike their round and flexible normal counterparts, these altered cells tend to stick to vessel walls. This adhesive behavior disrupts the smooth flow of blood through vessels, leading to various complications.
6. The Role of Normal Blood Cells: In individuals without SCD, normal red blood cells play a crucial role in efficiently transporting oxygen throughout the body. However, in those with the condition, some red blood cells lose their usual shape and become troublesome crescent shapes. These misshapen cells tend to adhere to the walls of blood vessels, creating blockages. These blockages can hinder blood flow, resulting in excruciating pain, organ damage, or, in severe cases, strokes.
7. Blood Transfusions: For some individuals living with SCD, blood transfusions are a lifeline. These transfusions involve receiving healthy red blood cells from carefully matched donors who don’t carry the SCD gene or trait. By introducing these healthy cells into the bloodstream, the adverse effects of SCD can be alleviated.
8. The Power of Bone Marrow: Remarkably, SCD can be cured in certain patients through a bone marrow transplant. This intricate procedure entails harvesting healthy cells from a compatible donor’s bone marrow and transplanting them into the patient. However, this potential cure comes with significant risks and is not the right choice for everyone. Expert medical advice is crucial in determining its suitability.
9. Anemia Management: Anemia is a common consequence of SCD. This occurs because the altered red blood cells in SCD have a shorter lifespan, reducing the body’s ability to transport oxygen effectively. Infections or the enlargement of the spleen, an organ responsible for storing red blood cells, can exacerbate anemia in individuals with SCD. To combat severe anemia, blood transfusions are often employed as an effective treatment.
10. Quality of Life: Despite the challenges posed by SCD, a remarkable majority of newborns with the condition in the United States now have the opportunity to lead fulfilling lives as adults. Quality of life for individuals with SCD can be significantly enhanced through proactive measures. Regular check-ups, adherence to prescribed treatments like hydroxyurea, infection prevention through simple practices like handwashing, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle through proper hydration and nutrition are all key to improving the well-being of those living with SCD. With the right support, individuals can defy the odds and thrive in the face of adversity.

The post Sickle Cell Awareness: 10 Important Facts To Know appeared first on Black Health Matters.

The post Celebrating Black Celebrities Who Overcame Prostate Cancer appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Typically occurring in the late 40s or early 50s, the exact age women face menopause can vary. The onset of menopause is confirmed when a woman has not had a menstrual period for 12 consecutive months and is not caused by other medical conditions or treatments. This transition is the result of the ovaries producing lower levels of reproductive hormones, particularly estrogen and progesterone, which regulate menstruation.

Symptoms of Menopause

Symptoms and experiences of menopause can vary widely among women. Common symptoms include hot flashes, night sweats, mood changes, and sleep disturbances. Some women may also experience vaginal dryness, weight gain, thinning hair, and dry skin. These symptoms can start in the years leading up to menopause, known as the perimenopausal phase, and can continue for some time after menopause. While menopause is a natural process, these symptoms can be distressing for many women, impacting their daily lives and overall well-being.

The exact cause of menopause lies in the natural decline of reproductive hormones as a woman ages. As the ovaries age, they produce less estrogen and progesterone, leading to decreased fertility. Eventually, this reduction in hormones causes the menstrual cycle to stop altogether. While most women navigate this transition due to the natural aging process, certain surgical or medical treatments, such as chemotherapy or the removal of ovaries, can induce menopause. In these cases, the onset can be abrupt, and symptoms may be more pronounced. Whatever the cause, menopause is a universal experience for women, each navigating its challenges and changes in her own unique way.

A closer look at the experiences of Black women reveals distinct challenges, shedding light on a side of menopause that is often overlooked.

Physical Effects Black Women Face During Menopause

One cannot overlook the stark contrast between the experiences of Black women and white women during menopause. According to studies, Research tells us that nearly half of Black women encounter severe physical symptoms, such as debilitating hot flashes and persistent joint pain, compared to just a fifth of white women. These aren’t just numbers; they reflect countless nights of discomfort and days overshadowed by pain for many Black women.

Another startling difference is the timing of menopause’s onset. On average, Black women grapple with menopausal symptoms earlier than women of other racial backgrounds. Beyond the challenges of adjusting to this new phase, early onset can bring forward concerns related to fertility and other age-associated health implications.

The Overlooked Role Race Plays In Menopause

When discussing menopause, it’s essential to see the bigger picture. Beyond biology, the external world shapes our internal experiences. The socio-economic disparities faced by many Black women can exacerbate their menopausal journey. Much like they face in pregnancy, women of color face unique situations in menopause. Challenges like limited access to top-tier healthcare and the daily stresses stemming from economic disparities cannot be divorced from the menopausal narrative of Black women.

It’s uncomfortable, but necessary, to acknowledge the lingering shadow of racism and its impact on Black women’s health. Decades of research consistently underline the toxic influence of racism on Black women’s menopausal health. The chronic stress and emotional toll of enduring racial discrimination can heighten menopausal symptoms, adding layers of complexity to an already challenging time.

The Need for Personalized Care

Given the disparities faced by Black women during menopause, there is a pressing need for personalized care. A one-size-fits-all approach is ineffective and does not address the unique challenges and needs of Black women. Healthcare professionals must be aware of these disparities and work towards providing care that acknowledges and caters to the specific needs of Black women, ensuring they receive the understanding, support, and care they so rightly deserve during this significant life transition.

The post How Menopause Affects Black Women Differently appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Raising Awareness On Social Media

In a long-running TikTok post, Shannon M. Clark, MD, pointed out that specific groups of women, notably those of color, from low-income backgrounds, those with tattoos, and those perceived as “difficult” by medical professionals, are more often subjected to these tests without their informed consent. This type of decision-making, driven by apparent bias rather than evidence, is referred to as patient profiling.

@tiktokbabydoc

This type of practice is harmful. Hospitals have been found to routinely drug test pregnant people without their informed consent. Drug testing should be performed only with the patient’s consent and if indicated. #pregnancy #implicitbias #pregnancytiktok #profiling #bias #discrimination #criminalization #criminalizationofpregnancy #informedconsent

♬ original sound – Sam | Content Expert

Shedding Light Through Studies

Furthermore, a recent study published in the JAMA Health Forum analyzed electronic medical records from a large healthcare system in Pennsylvania, spanning from March 2018 to June 2021. The results were stark: Black women were less likely than white women to test positive for drugs, yet they were more frequently tested. The fact that Black patients were no more likely to test positive debunks any rationale for the disparity in testing frequency based solely on substance abuse concerns.

The study suggests that racial bias is the sole explanation for this discrepancy. After adjusting for multiple demographic and medical factors, Black women, even those with no prior substance use, faced a higher probability of being subjected to urine tests upon delivery. This is concerning not only because it represents an obvious racial bias but also because of the broader implications for the trust Black women can place in the medical system.

Such practices erode the bond of trust between healthcare professionals and patients. As Dr. Alison Stuebe pointed out, such practices further the mistrust Black women have towards the healthcare system. This, in a country already grappling with high maternal mortality rates among Black and Native American women, further amplifies the urgent need for reform.

Continuing The Discussion

The discussions emerging from revelations like Dr. Clark’s video and the JAMA Health Forum study spotlight the wider issue of racial disparity and biases in healthcare. Whether it’s profiling based on tattoos, socio-economic status, or race, the healthcare system’s commitment should always prioritize unbiased, respectful, and evidence-based care.

It’s imperative for healthcare institutions to recognize and rectify such discriminatory practices. This can start with training programs to raise awareness about patient profiling, reviewing hospital policies to ensure the rights and privacy of patients, and fostering an open communication environment between healthcare providers and patients.

Every individual, irrespective of their race, appearance, or socio-economic background, deserves dignified, fair, and respectful treatment. As the conversations around these discriminatory practices grow, it is hoped that they will instigate tangible change in the medical community.

The post Why Are Pregnant Black Women Drug Tested More Often? appeared first on Black Health Matters.

1. Hyperpigmentation

What is it? Hyperpigmentation is one of the most common skin concerns in black people. It’s characterized by dark patches or spots that develop due to excess production of melanin. Factors such as sun exposure, acne scars, injuries, hormonal changes, and certain medications can trigger hyperpigmentation.

Solutions:

• Sunscreen: Sun exposure can exacerbate hyperpigmentation. Daily application of broad-spectrum sunscreen can help prevent this.
• Topical Treatments: Ingredients like hydroquinone, glycolic acid, and vitamin C can reduce the appearance of dark spots.
• Chemical Peels: Done by professionals, chemical peels can remove the top layers of the skin, reducing the appearance of hyperpigmentation.

2. Keloids

What is it? Keloids are raised scars that spread beyond the original injury site. They form due to an overproduction of collagen during the healing process and are more prevalent in black individuals.

Solutions:

• Pressure Therapy: Applying pressure to a keloid can sometimes reduce its size.
• Steroid Injections: Administered by a dermatologist, these can help flatten the keloid.
• Silicone Gel Sheets: These sheets can flatten keloids over time.

3. Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH)

What is it? PIH appears after an injury or inflammation like acne. It presents as flat spots of discoloration.

Solutions:

• Avoid Picking: Resist the urge to pick at spots or scars. This can prevent the onset of PIH.
• Topical Retinoids: These can expedite cell turnover, helping to reduce the appearance of PIH.
• Chemical Peels: As mentioned, chemical peels can assist in reducing the appearance of hyperpigmentation.

4. Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia (CCCA)

What is it? CCCA is a form of hair loss that typically starts at the crown of the head and spreads outward. It’s more common in black women and can be caused by factors like hair styling practices and genetics.

Solutions:

• Hair Care: Avoid tight hairstyles and excessive heat. Instead, opt for looser styles and minimal heat exposure.
• Topical or Oral Treatments: Consulting with a dermatologist can provide specific medications to help manage this condition.

5. Acne

What is it? While acne is common across all skin tones, in black skin, it can often lead to PIH, making the management of breakouts even more crucial.

Solutions:

• Regular Cleansing: Use a gentle cleanser to keep pores unclogged.
• Non-comedogenic Products: Ensure makeup and skincare products won’t clog pores.
• Topical Treatments: Over-the-counter or prescription treatments can manage and prevent breakouts.

The Final Word

Skin issues faced by black individuals may require unique solutions. It’s essential to recognize these challenges and address them with appropriate care and products. Consulting with a dermatologist familiar with black skin is always recommended to get tailored advice and solutions. With the right information and products, everyone can aim for healthy, radiant skin.

The post Skincare Solutions: Five Major Skin Issues For Black Individuals appeared first on Black Health Matters.

The Genesis of “Girl Dinners”

@danielle.fewings

Girl dinner to the extreme #girldinner #girldinners #girldinnersong

♬ original sound – Karma Carr

Originally, the “girl dinner” trend served as a tongue-in-cheek response to societal expectations. Users began posting videos of their simple, sometimes unappealing dinners with captions emphasizing that the meal was, indeed, their dinner. This trend offered a candid view into real-life dinners, free from the pressure of perfection or the need to curate a social media-friendly image. It was a reminder that not every meal is a gourmet feast and that’s perfectly okay.

Health Concerns?

This “girl dinner” trend, characterized primarily by its showcasing of sometimes minimalistic meals, has stirred conversations on its potential health implications. While the trend is a counter-reaction to the typically aesthetic and often overly curated meals on social media, there are concerns regarding its nutritional adequacy. Some of the meals presented under this trend are usually not balanced, lacking in the essential nutrients, vitamins, and minerals that are crucial for overall health.

Nutritionists and health professionals emphasize the importance of a well-rounded diet, which includes a balance of protein, carbohydrates, fats, and a variety of fruits and vegetables. The sporadic “girl dinner” meal, which may consist of just a handful of chips or a slice of cheese, is far from this ideal. Over time, consistently consuming such limited meals can lead to nutritional deficiencies, impacting various bodily functions and potentially leading to more significant health issues.

However, it’s essential to understand the context of this trend. While the showcased meals might not always be nutritionally complete, they might not represent an individual’s entire daily intake. Users could be sharing these meals for comedic or relatability purposes, not necessarily as dietary recommendations. Nonetheless, given the influential nature of TikTok, especially among younger audiences, there’s a call for more awareness and responsible sharing regarding food trends.

Delving Deeper Into The Connections to Food Culture

The evolution of the “girl dinner” trend saw a shift when some Black creators began to use the platform to showcase traditional meals from Black culture. These dishes, while sometimes labeled as “simple”, are steeped in history and tradition. They tell stories of resilience and a rich cultural heritage that spans continents. For Black communities, food has always been more than sustenance. It is a form of expression, a tie to ancestry, and a means of community bonding. Through the “girl dinner” trend, the wider TikTok community was offered a glimpse into some of the deeply rooted traditions of Black culinary practices, as well as those from other cultures.

The Impact and the Takeaway

The influence of the “girl dinner” trend extends beyond the confines of TikTok. It serves as a potent reminder of the diversity of culinary practices and the rich tapestries of culture that they represent. In an era where social media often showcases idealized versions of reality, this trend is a welcome nod to authenticity. No matter the race or culture, everyone has a traditional “girl dinner” from their family’s recipe book.

The trend may raise eyebrows over health concerns but socially underscores the importance of recognizing and respecting the cultural origins of food. For many  TikTok creators, the “girl dinner” trend became an opportunity to educate and share stories, ensuring that the rich history of their family’s diet isn’t lost amidst the ever-changing landscape of internet trends.

While seemingly simple, this newfound social media trend serves as a lens into broader discussions on authenticity, cultural appreciation, and the significance of food as a cultural touchstone. It is a testament to the platform’s power in spotlighting and celebrating diverse narratives, reminding users of the stories behind every dish and the communities they represent.

The post Hunger Games: Are “Girl Dinners” on TikTok A Cause For Concern? appeared first on Black Health Matters.

From the vibrant Harlem Renaissance to tumultuous civil rights movements, this neighborhood has been a bastion for African-American culture and socio-political activism. But amidst these famed events, the story of Black healthcare in Harlem unfolds—reflecting struggles, innovations, and resilience.

Lafargue Clinic & Mental Health Care

In 1946, the Lafargue Clinic emerged as a beacon of hope for the Black community’s mental health needs. Established by a fusion of Black intellectuals and German-Jewish doctors, including luminaries like Richard Wright and Ralph Ellison, the clinic aimed to bridge the glaring gap in psychiatric care available to African Americans. Rooted in the basement of a church and providing free care, this institution stood as America’s pioneering mental health facility catering specifically to Black individuals until `958. The genesis of this clinic wasn’t merely about medical care; it was a revolt against racism and a move to address the psychological scars it leaves behind.

Scholars like Associate Professor Dennis Doyle and Professor Martin Summers have delved deep into the intricacies of Black mental health care, showcasing how racism has shaped psychiatric practices. Their works spotlight the complex dynamics between race and medicine in Harlem and its broader implications.

Harlem Hospital & Desegregation of Healthcare

Parallelly, the Harlem Hospital’s story encapsulates the strenuous journey toward racial integration in medicine. Initiated in the early 1910s, efforts to desegregate the New York hospital system only bore fruit during the 1910s and 1920s, largely catalyzed by wartime staffing shortages. But with integration came conflict. The inclusion of Black medical professionals, such as Louis T. Wright—the hospital’s first black doctor in 1919—was met with pushback, resignation, and even aggressive confrontations by the existing white medical fraternity.

The tension reached its zenith with a riot in 1935, a violent manifestation of the ongoing racial discord at the hospital. Yet, even as Harlem Hospital attempted to evolve, its reputation remained stained for years, evident when Martin Luther King Jr. was hesitantly admitted for emergency care in 1958.

These episodes from the Harlem Hospital not only reveal the challenges faced during desegregation but also underscore the complexity of achieving racial equity in healthcare.

The Changing Tone of Harlem

But the broader canvas of Harlem in the early 20th century reveals even more. As the neighborhood’s demographics shifted dramatically during the 1920s and 1930s, the focus has often been on its cultural and political strides. However, in the backdrop, the everyday struggles of Harlem’s Black residents—especially their endeavors towards health, wellness, and community upliftment—deserve equal attention. The book, “Building a Healthy Black Harlem,” seeks to fill this narrative gap, spotlighting how health became a politicized topic. Within the unfolding politics and economics, the Black community’s quest for wellness took center stage, revealing the intricate dance between health, politics, and race.

In a recent event, the renowned Abyssinian Baptist Church in Harlem threw the spotlight on another dimension of healthcare—the “All of Us” initiative. By introducing this modern medical study amidst a spiritual service, it brought to the fore the long-standing hesitance among African Americans to participate in medical research, stemming from past racial abuses in medical studies. While many in the community show enthusiasm, others remain skeptical, bearing testimony to the deep-seated scars of past medical malpractices.

The history of Black healthcare in Harlem, filled with challenges, innovations, and battles against systemic racism, offers vital lessons. It speaks of a community’s perseverance against odds and its unyielding quest for dignity, well-being, and justice.

Join us on August 17th as Black Health Matters does its part to add to Harlem’s rich history of healthcare for the Black Community. The Harlem Week Health Summit & Expo will feature seminars, speakers, and vital health screenings that are designed to help all comers become CEOs of their own health. Don’t miss this opportunity to join us live or virtually for this FREE life-changing event. Register today!

The post Lessons from Harlem: The Continuous Fight for Racial Equity in Healthcare appeared first on Black Health Matters.

The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment

Background

The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment, conducted by the U.S. Public Health Service, began in 1932 in Macon County, Alabama. The study involved 600 Black men, 399 of whom were diagnosed with syphilis, and aimed to observe the natural progression of the disease without treatment.

Participants were misled about the nature of the study, believing they were receiving treatment for “bad blood.” They were given free medical examinations, meals, and burial insurance, but were not provided with adequate treatment for syphilis, even after penicillin became the recommended therapy in 1947.

The unethical practices of the study were exposed to the public in 1972 by a whistleblower, leading to widespread condemnation and outrage. The revelation of the Tuskegee study led to new regulations and safeguards to protect human subjects in biomedical research.

Impact on the Black Community

Medical Distrust

The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment instilled a deep sense of mistrust in medical institutions within the Black community. This distrust has had lasting implications, contributing to health disparities, reluctance to participate in clinical trials, and skepticism toward medical professionals.

Lower Life Expectancy

Recent research has also linked the Tuskegee study to a decline in life expectancy among Black men. The enduring impact of the study on healthcare utilization and preventative care practices is believed to have contributed to this alarming trend.

Contemporary Relevance

Vaccine Hesitancy

The legacy of the Tuskegee study continues to be relevant in current public health discourse, particularly in discussions about vaccine hesitancy. While it is essential not to oversimplify or generalize the reasons for vaccine skepticism, the historical trauma inflicted by the Tuskegee experiment remains a relevant context.

Community Engagement

To address the lingering effects of the Tuskegee study, efforts have been made to engage the community through education, dialogue, and collaboration. Pilot projects and community-driven research initiatives strive to rebuild trust and promote understanding.

The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment represents a dark chapter in American medical history that continues to influence the relationship between the Black community and healthcare institutions. It underscores the importance of ethical considerations, transparency, and community engagement in medical research and healthcare practices. Efforts must continue to rebuild trust, promote equitable access to healthcare, and ensure that the lessons learned from this tragic episode guide future medical research and healthcare delivery. The healing process requires acknowledgment of the past, education, and collaborative partnerships that empower the community and foster mutual respect.

The post Syphilis & The Black Community: The Impact of The Tuskegee Experiment appeared first on Black Health Matters.

16 Southern states and Washington DC share the greatest burden of HIV and the highest mortality from HIV-related complications. Nine states in the Deep South [Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas] comprised 29% of the U.S. population in 2019, but accounted for nearly 44% of all new HIV infections that year. That means the Deep South has the highest rate of new HIV cases. Pointedly, Georgia leads in new HIV infections, followed by Florida and Louisiana.  52% of new HIV infections are among African Americans in the South. By gender, Black women account for 67% of new infections among all women in the South, while 6 out of 10 Black men account for new HIV infections in the South. Moreover, the majority of new infections among Black men are those who have had sex with men.

The WHY of HIV in the South

From a fiscal perspective, high rates of poverty, unemployment, and lack of insurance are underlying socio-political issues in the South that directly impact HIV. Medicaid expansion has not been adopted in the majority of the deep South which exacerbates the critical needs of those who should be screened, diagnosed, and treated for HIV. Constrained resources suggest that people who are positive and may reside in a more rural setting have even more barriers to seeking care.

Stigma is synonymous with HIV in the South. Due to the overall conservative nature of those who reside in the south, the religiosity and other cultural norms, make people who are infected with HIV seem like pariahs. Furthermore, residents of the south often disparage people who engage in sexual behaviors that are not heteronormative and engage in injection drug use from seeking care. As a result, people are ashamed to visit local healthcare providers, continue to engage in these behaviors, and contract and even unknowingly spread HIV.

The WHAT of HIV in the South

It’s not an easy task to change the inherent discrimination faced by those who live with HIV in the South. However, there are a few things that you can do to change the way that society responds to people living with HIV. Recommendations include:

Education– learn about HIV, how it is transmitted and treated. It is not a death sentence (it is a chronic disease) and you cannot acquire HIV from casual contact with an infected person.

Grace– extend grace to people who live their lives differently from yours. Reserve your judgment, and if you are a provider, treat the whole person as a human being.

Advocate– high rates of poverty and unemployment are not happenstance. Work with your local community-based organizations to change the system that continually oppresses those who have very little.

Motivate– people to get tested for HIV. Resources are constrained, but by partnering with local allies doing the work, you can manage the spread of HIV in your community.

https://southernaidscoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/HIVintheUSDeepSouth.pdf

https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/policies/cdc-hiv-in-the-south-issue-brief.pdf

The post The Who, Why, and What of HIV in the South appeared first on Black Health Matters.

What Is Psoriasis?

Psoriasis, an autoimmune disease primarily affecting the skin, does not discriminate by race or ethnicity. It affects millions of people worldwide, including individuals within the Black community. Yet, the discussion around psoriasis often overlooks the unique challenges that Black individuals face in diagnosis and treatment. A deeper understanding of how psoriasis impacts this group can lead to improved outcomes and better patient care.

How Does Psoriasis Affect Black Patients Differently?

The first hurdle in the path to effective treatment is diagnosis. Psoriasis presents differently in darker skin tones, which can lead to misdiagnosis or delayed treatment. In people with lighter skin, psoriasis tends to show up as red, inflamed patches covered with silvery scales. However, in people with darker skin, including Black individuals, these patches may appear purple, brown, or a darker gray. This difference in manifestation can often confuse, leading to incorrect diagnoses like eczema or fungal infections.

Moreover, the scale associated with psoriasis might be less noticeable in the Black community due to the unique properties of black skin. These differences can result in the disease’s under-recognition, contributing to disparities in disease management.

Additionally, the psychosocial impact of psoriasis should not be underestimated. Psoriasis lesions can cause feelings of embarrassment or anxiety, impacting an individual’s quality of life.

Treatment Of Psoriasis In Black Patients

Treatment of psoriasis in Black individuals can be uniquely challenging. The potential for post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation, where skin patches become noticeably lighter or darker than the surrounding skin, is a major concern. Many of the commonly prescribed treatments for psoriasis, such as topical corticosteroids, have been linked with these pigment changes. Thus, healthcare providers must consider the risk of altering skin pigmentation when developing a treatment plan for Black individuals with psoriasis.

Psoriasis research and treatment protocols must be more inclusive and cater to diverse skin types. Black individuals should be adequately represented in clinical trials for new psoriasis treatments to ensure the findings and recommended treatments are universally applicable. Additionally, dermatologists should be trained to recognize psoriasis on different skin types and provide culturally sensitive care.

Education can also play a significant role in addressing these disparities. It’s essential to educate not just healthcare professionals, but also individuals in the Black community about psoriasis. Awareness can lead to early detection, proper treatment, and better outcomes for individuals with this chronic condition.

While psoriasis affects individuals across racial and ethnic groups, the impact on the Black community is distinct and often overlooked. Increasing recognition of these unique challenges is the first step in improving care and outcomes for Black individuals with psoriasis. Through research, education, and improved access to care, we can work towards a future where psoriasis treatment is truly inclusive and equitable.

The post Black Skin, Missed Diagnosis: The Psoriasis Problem We Need to Talk About appeared first on Black Health Matters.

This allergy, triggered by the sugar molecule alpha-gal, can lead to symptoms ranging from hives and itching to anaphylaxis, a severe life-threatening reaction. This growing public health issue bears significant implications for the black community, given the potential socio-economic and cultural factors at play.

The black community, particularly in the southern regions where the Lone Star tick is most prevalent, can be disproportionately affected due to several reasons. Socio-economic disparities have traditionally resulted in this community having less access to prompt and quality healthcare, leading to delayed diagnosis or management of such allergies. Furthermore, cultural dietary practices, which might include red meat as a staple, make the implications of this allergy more disruptive to daily life.

It’s essential for health officials and community leaders to launch awareness campaigns in the black community about the Lone Star tick and the potential meat allergy it can cause, promoting preventive measures and fostering access to treatment and support for those affected. These steps are crucial to mitigate the public health impact of this emerging threat.

Lyme Disease And The Black Community

Lyme disease, another illness transmitted through the bite of an infected black-legged tick, can result in significant health problems if left undiagnosed or untreated. However, within the United States, disparities are present when it comes to the diagnosis of this disease, especially among black patients. Research has highlighted that black patients are at an increased risk of late or misdiagnosis, making them less likely to receive treatment during the early stages of the disease. The delayed diagnosis could lead to more severe disease manifestations, including neurological or cardiac issues, joint pain, and severe fatigue.

One of the key factors behind this disparity is the commonly used diagnostic method for Lyme disease, which relies on recognizing a specific type of skin rash called erythema migrans. This rash can be harder to detect on darker skin tones, leading to missed or delayed diagnoses.

It is crucial to address this health disparity through several strategies. Developing and advocating for more inclusive diagnostic tools that are effective across diverse skin tones is paramount. Health education campaigns should promote awareness about the risks, prevention measures, and symptoms of Lyme disease, including the range of manifestations of the erythema migrans rash on different skin tones. These steps could help reduce the disparity in Lyme disease diagnosis and ensure a healthier future for black communities.

In light of the growing public health concerns posed by tick-borne diseases such as the red meat allergy caused by the Lone Star tick and Lyme disease, collective, inclusive, and strategic efforts are crucial to combating these threats. Undoubtedly, these diseases pose challenges to all affected individuals, but the weight of the burden seems to be significantly heavier on the black community. Through such efforts, we can not only mitigate the growing threats of these diseases but also move towards a more equitable healthcare system that caters to the needs of all its members, irrespective of their racial or ethnic background.

The post Tick-Borne Meat Allergy Rising: What It Means for the Black Community appeared first on Black Health Matters.

The young athlete suffered from cardiac arrest, a condition in which the heart malfunctions and stops beating unexpectedly. Fortunately, medical staff on-site at USC’s Galen Center provided immediate treatment, and he was swiftly taken to a hospital, where he is now in stable condition. The incident has shocked many but also drawn attention to the rare but serious issue of cardiac arrest in young athletes.

Cardiac arrest is a condition that can strike suddenly and without warning, even in seemingly healthy individuals. It occurs when the heart stops pumping blood to vital organs, resulting in a loss of consciousness and, if left untreated, death. Immediate intervention is crucial, and trained medical personnel administering CPR and using automated external defibrillators (AEDs) can significantly improve the chances of survival.

Cardiac arrest is a leading cause of death among young athletes in the United States, though it remains a rare occurrence. Approximately 1 in 50,000 to 1 in 100,000 young athletes experience cardiac arrest each year. While it is more common in older adults and men, young athletes are not exempt from this potentially deadly condition.

The causes of cardiac arrest in young athletes can vary. In those over 35, it is often attributed to coronary artery disease, where plaque buildup restricts blood flow to the heart. However, in younger individuals like Bronny James, the reasons are not always clear. It could be due to genetic defects, heart malfunctions, or structural abnormalities of the heart.

The incident involving Bronny James has brought up important questions about the prevention and management of cardiac arrest in young athletes. One critical aspect is ensuring that sports facilities and teams are well-equipped with AEDs and that personnel are trained in CPR and emergency response procedures. Immediate action can make a significant difference in survival rates.

The American Heart Association recommends that schools, colleges, and sports organizations have a well-defined emergency action plan in place to respond swiftly to any cardiac event. Along with this, offering CPR training and AED usage education to coaches, teammates, and other bystanders is vital. The prompt use of an AED can increase the chances of survival to nearly 90% if applied within the first minute after cardiac arrest.

The incident has shed light on potential disparities in access to healthcare for Black athletes. Studies have shown that athletes of Afro-Caribbean descent have a higher risk of cardiac events, and access to quality healthcare may play a role in this increased risk. Addressing these disparities and ensuring equal access to healthcare is crucial for the well-being of all athletes.

The bottom line is that cardiac arrest in young athletes is a rare but severe condition that requires immediate attention and action. The incident involving Bronny James serves as a reminder of the importance of being prepared for emergencies in sports settings. By having trained personnel, access to AEDs, and an effective emergency action plan, we can improve the chances of survival and reduce the impact of cardiac events on young athletes.

On a deeper level, addressing healthcare disparities among athletes is crucial in promoting their overall health and well-being. As the medical community learns more from these cases, efforts to prevent and manage cardiac arrest in young athletes can be strengthened, ensuring a safer and healthier sporting environment for all.

The post The Bronny James Health Scare Highlights Cardiac Arrest in Young Athletes appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Are You at Risk?

Black patients are also more likely to have more risk factors, worse symptoms, and more severe disease.³ Research suggests that there are multiple risk factors for Alzheimer’s. Risk factors associated with Alzheimer’s include factors we can control and some we can’t control. Click here to learn more about signs and risk factors of early Alzheimer’s Disease.

Age

Increasing age is the most notable risk factor. This risk significantly increases every 5 years after age 65.^4,5 About 5% of patients with Alzheimer’s are younger than 65 and may be impacted by early onset Alzheimer’s around 40 years old.⁴

Family History

Individuals who have an immediate family member (parent or sibling) with the disease are at a higher risk.^4,5 If you have more than one family member with the disease your risk is even higher.^4,5 Researchers have also identified specific genes that are linked to developing the disease.^4,5 Genetic counseling may be an option for patients with a strong family history of Alzheimer’s.⁴

Preventable Risk Factors

There are some risk factors that are considered preventable. You can make a conscious effort to help reduce your risk of developing Alzheimer’s.⁵

• Avoid head injuries. Since physical damage or trauma to the brain may result in the development of cognitive impairment, stay safe by preventing falls and wearing head covering or protection if taking part in potentially dangerous activities.
• Make heart healthy choices. Research suggests that up to 80% of people who had Alzheimer’s had heart disease. Poor heart health, including the presence of heart disease, may correlate to poor brain health. If you have conditions such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, or if you have had a stroke, work closely with your healthcare provider to monitor and manage these conditions.
• Take care of yourself. Exercise, eat healthy, and avoid excessive use of harmful substances such as alcohol and tobacco.

Fact vs. Myth

MYTH: Memory problems are normal and most people who are older experience them.
FACT: While forgetting or losing things occasionally is normal, memory problems such as poor judgment and decision making, losing track of dates, and forgetting familiar people, is not.⁶ Many Black patients delay seeking medical attention for memory concerns or changes because they think what they are experiencing is normal.³

MYTH: Alzheimer’s only impacts older people. I shouldn’t be concerned if I am young.
FACT: Older individuals are at higher risk for Alzheimer’s, however early-onset Alzheimer’s, while rare, usually impacts those between the ages of 30-60.⁶

MYTH: Alzheimer’s can’t be treated.
FACT: While there isn’t a definitive cure for Alzheimer’s, there are treatment options that can help treat symptoms.⁶ Clinical trials help researchers continue to evaluate potential treatment options.^6,7

Importance of Clinical Trial Participation

Diversity in clinical trials is important.⁷ Race and ethnicity may play a role in how individuals with Alzheimer’s disease respond to treatment.2 Unfortunately, there is a lack of trust for clinical research and trial participation among Black Americans.¹ This is due largely to a history of medical bias and discrimination toward Black Americans.¹ The Alzheimer’s Association recognizes the importance of clinical trials in the management and prevention of Alzheimer’s disease, and the need for those in the Black community to participate in these trials.²

To learn more about Alzheimer’s disease and care partner support resources, visit Novo Nordisk’s Alzheimer’s disease webpage.   

– – –

This article is sponsored by Novo Nordisk.

References:

1. Alzheimer’s Association – Black Americans and Alzheimer’s 
2. African-Americans and Alzheimer’s Disease: The Silent Epidemic 
3. NIH National Institute on Aging – Data shows racial disparities in Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis between Black and white research study participants 
4. NHS – Alzheimer’s disease 
5. Alzheimer’s Association – Causes and Risk Factors for Alzheimer’s Disease  
6. NIH National Institute on Aging – 11 Myths About Alzheimer’s Disease 
7. Alzheimer’s Clinical Trials 

The post Alzheimer’s in African Americans: Are You at Risk? What You Need to Know appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Prevalence of PTSD in the Black Community

Studies indicate that African Americans have the highest lifetime prevalence of PTSD (8.7%) compared to White (7.4%), Latino (7%), and Asian (4%) populations. The increased rates of PTSD among African Americans can be attributed to a higher likelihood of experiencing traumatic events such as racial trauma.

Factors Contributing to Prevalence of PTSD in the Black Community:

• Exposure to racially traumatic events, such as witnessing or experiencing racial violence, discrimination, and racial profiling.
• Historical trauma, including the enduring effects of discrimination, and the intergenerational transmission of trauma.
• Racial stereotypes and expectations, such as the strong black woman trope, which place additional pressure and emotional burdens on Black individuals.
• Disparities in access to mental health resources, including limited availability of culturally competent care and barriers to seeking treatment.
• Overrepresentation of Black individuals in the prison system and racial disparities in the criminal justice system, contribute to trauma and increased risk of developing PTSD.
• Racial disparities in homeownership, wealth accumulation, and educational opportunities, which can lead to chronic stress and trauma.
• Systemic racism and institutionalized discrimination that perpetuates racial inequalities and contributes to ongoing trauma in the Black community.

Sociocultural Factors and Racial Stressors

Sociocultural factors and racial stressors, including experiences with discrimination, contribute to the higher prevalence and poorer outcomes of post-traumatic stress disorder in African-American individuals. Discrimination based on race and ethnicity can act as a chronic stressor and lead to the development and persistence of PTSD symptoms.

Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment

African Americans with PTSD face various barriers to receiving appropriate mental health treatment. These barriers include financial challenges, limited access to transportation services, and a lack of knowledge about available resources. Furthermore, individuals with serious risk factors, who are often at a higher risk of developing PTSD, may face additional challenges due to homelessness, incarceration, and limited access to mental healthcare.

Racial Trauma and PTSD

Any individual who has experienced an emotionally painful, sudden, and uncontrollable racist encounter is at risk of suffering from a race-based traumatic stress injury. Experiences of race-based discrimination can have profound psychological impacts, leading to symptoms similar to those of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including depression, anger, recurring thoughts, physical reactions, hypervigilance, low self-esteem, and emotional detachment from traumatic events. It is important to note that while RBTS shares symptoms with PTSD, it is not classified as a mental health disorder but rather a mental injury resulting from living within a racist system or experiencing racism.

Identifying RBTS involves self-assessment of symptoms experienced by individuals who have encountered racism and recognizing the need for support and healing. Seeking therapy from multicultural or racial trauma-informed therapists is crucial for addressing race-based traumatic stress injuries. These therapists create safe and empowering spaces that acknowledge the diverse forms of racialized trauma and work towards healing and resilience.

Underdiagnosis of PTSD

Research suggests that PTSD is underdiagnosed among African-American individuals with serious mental illness or a family history of mental health problems. The overlap between PTSD symptoms and symptoms of serious mental illness, such as depression and delusions, can lead to an underidentification of PTSD. Routine assessment of PTSD and traumatic histories is crucial in community mental health services to ensure appropriate diagnosis and treatment by a mental health professional.

Treatment Considerations

To address PTSD effectively in the Black community, there is a need for culturally sensitive counseling services that acknowledge the specific traumas experienced by individuals. Incorporating trauma-informed approaches that address childhood abuse, grief, and racial trauma can help improve treatment outcomes and racial equality. Increasing access to mental health resources, raising awareness about available services, and promoting community support are also vital in addressing PTSD within the Black community.

PTSD is a significant mental health concern within the Black community, with Black men and women experiencing higher rates of the disorder. Sociocultural factors, racial stressors, and barriers to mental healthcare contribute to the chronicity and underdiagnosis of PTSD in this population. By recognizing and addressing the unique experiences and needs of African-American individuals, mental health professionals can provide more effective treatment and support for PTSD within the Black community.

The post Tackling Racial Trauma: Addressing PTSD in the Black Community appeared first on Black Health Matters.

HIV is a chronic disease that remains stigmatized long after its initial discovery. HIV, which is the virus that causes AIDS, was initially discovered among white men who had sex with men in the early 80s. The defining and stigmatizing factor of HIV is how it is acquired—through sex and sharing unclean needles. Unlike other communicable diseases, HIV is in a class by itself. From diagnosis to treatment, people who contract HIV are seldom given empathy in their communities, and instead blamed for “careless behavior” or having unprotected sex. This type of stigma is a significant barrier to improving the health and lives of people living with HIV.

Stigma and Sex

As humans, we are innate sexual beings. In society, it is apparent that sex sells from print ads to social media. However, America has its roots based in a puritanical society which has permeated our schools, faith-based organizations and inside of our homes. In fact, negativity and stigma related to sex and sexuality is so pervasive that the United States has the highest rates of teen pregnancy and the highest sexually transmitted infection (STI) rates of all industrialized countries. 1 in 7 people are uncomfortable discussing STIs with their health care provider (KFF 2020). One may wonder, how can this be? The answer is clear. As educators, faith-based leaders and parents, we have missed the mark on educating our children and adolescents about sex and sexuality in an age-appropriate manner. In turn, misinformed youth are sexually experimenting and contracting sexually transmitted infections.

Moreover, issues of sexuality among Black women are compounded at the intersection of race, gender and sex. From slavery to freedom, Black women have had little ownership of their bodies. Historically, hypersexualized images and acts of violence committed against Black women have borne a narrative of promiscuity and general disregard of the Black body. Hence, sexual liberation and pleasure for Black women is often a moot point, while shame and embarrassment prevail. The need to appear asexual and adhere to cultural norms which include stereotypes such as “good girls don’t have sex”, or “you’ll go to hell if you have sex” has been extremely harmful to Black girls and women physically, mentally and spiritually. In fact, data suggest that these tropes may factor into how Black women make decisions regarding partners and self-protection. Unfortunately, these decisions result in Black women having the highest rates of HIV among all other racial and ethnic groups. Black women make up about 15% of the population and 60% of new HIV infections. At the root of this statistic is the fact that discourse about sex, in of itself, is discouraged and stigmatized in the Black community. So, what can we do?

Solving the Stigma

Here are three ways to reduce Stigma:

• Normalize conversations about sex and sexuality with friends, partners and health care providers
• Educate yourself and others about sex and HIV
• If you are having sex, get into the habit of asking your provider for routine screening for HIV and other STIs

According to the social psychologist, Dr. Earnshaw, “Humans create stigma to enforce social norms”. This means that as a society, we can work to reframe the paradigm about sex, sexuality, HIV and stigma in our communities one conversation at a time.

The post Stigma and HIV appeared first on Black Health Matters.

The concerning fact is that many of these eye diseases don’t exhibit symptoms in the early stages, making early detection and treatment crucial to prevent vision loss or blindness. Unfortunately, Black communities experience some of the highest rates of vision loss and blindness caused by eye diseases. However, comprehensive dilated eye exams can play a significant role in detecting these diseases early and facilitating effective treatment.

Understanding Cataracts

Cataracts are a common cause of cloudy or hazy vision, primarily affecting older individuals. They occur when the protein in the natural lens of the eye begins to break down and form clumps. Symptoms may include blurry vision, double vision, and difficulties with color and night vision.

African Americans have higher rates of cataract-related vision loss and blindness. Research indicates that African Americans are more likely to develop cortical cataracts, which are commonly associated with conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure. They are less likely to develop nuclear cataracts, which affect the center of the lens. Furthermore, African Americans have a lower rate of cataract surgery and a higher risk of uveitis, and inflammation in the middle layer of the eye, after surgery.

Reducing the Risk of Cataracts

While it’s not possible to prevent cataracts completely, certain steps can help delay or slow their development:

• Maintain a healthy diet and engage in regular exercise.
• Undergo regular eye exams to detect cataracts at an early stage.
• Quit smoking if you are a smoker.
• Wear sunglasses with 100% UV protection and use floppy hats to shield your eyes from the sun.
• Manage other health conditions, such as diabetes and hypertension, by visiting your doctor regularly and following their advice.
• If diagnosed with cataracts early, consult your eye doctor to explore treatment options that can improve vision and determine when surgery is necessary.

Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy is an eye disease caused by diabetes. High blood sugar levels can lead to blood vessel leakage, swelling, scar tissue formation, and abnormal new blood vessel growth in the eyes. This condition can cause front and peripheral vision loss, along with other complications like retinal detachment. Diabetic retinopathy affects a significant number of African Americans, primarily due to the higher prevalence of diabetes within this population.

To lower the risk of developing or managing diabetic retinopathy, consider the following steps:

• Undergo regular diabetic eye exams as recommended by your eye doctor.
• Follow your doctor’s instructions to control diabetes through diet and medication.
• Adhere to your eye doctor’s treatment plan if diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy.
• Maintain open communication among your eye care provider, primary care doctor, and specialists to ensure comprehensive management of your overall health and eye condition.

Understanding Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions characterized by increased pressure within the eyes, leading to optic nerve damage. Over time, this can result in vision loss or blindness. African Americans are at a higher risk of developing glaucoma compared to Caucasians, with a higher prevalence and earlier onset of the disease. A family history of glaucoma increases the risk further.

To minimize the risk of glaucoma-related vision loss, consider the following measures:

• Schedule regular dilated eye exams with glaucoma testing as recommended by your eye doctor.
• Discuss moderate exercise options with your eye doctor, as exercise may aid in glaucoma prevention.
• Follow your eye doctor’s prescription for glaucoma eye drops or other recommended treatments.
• Consider laser treatment or glaucoma surgery if advised by your eye doctor.

Tips for Maintaining Healthy Eyes

In addition to specific measures related to eye diseases, adopting a healthy lifestyle and practicing overall good eye care habits can benefit eye health. Here are some general tips:

• Schedule regular eye exams to detect any potential issues early.
• Maintain a healthy lifestyle by following a nutritious diet and engaging in regular exercise.
• Protect your eyes from the sun by wearing sunglasses with 100% UV protection and using floppy hats.
• Keep other health conditions, such as diabetes and hypertension, under control by visiting your doctor regularly and adhering to their recommendations.
• Seek prompt medical attention if you experience significant vision changes or eye-related symptoms.

Awareness of the increased risk of eye diseases among Black communities is crucial. Taking proactive steps, such as regular eye exams, adopting a healthy lifestyle, managing chronic conditions, and seeking timely treatment, can help maintain good eye health and minimize the risk of vision loss or blindness. By understanding the specific risks associated with cataracts, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy, individuals can take control of their eye health and preserve their vision for years to come.

The post Cataracts and Eye Health in the Black Community: Understanding Risks and Taking Action appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Late Diagnosis and Advanced Stages

The study revealed a troubling trend in the diagnosis and staging of melanoma among different racial groups. Nearly half of the Black men in the study were diagnosed with advanced-stage melanoma, compared to only one in five white men. Early detection is crucial in melanoma treatment, as it allows for surgical removal of the lesion before it spreads to lymph nodes or distant organs. Advanced-stage diagnoses not only necessitate more invasive treatments such as immunotherapy or chemotherapy but also significantly reduce the chances of survival.

Survival Rates and Disparities

The study’s findings also exposed significant disparities in survival rates among racial groups. White men exhibited the highest five-year survival rate at 75.1%, while only about half of Black men (51.7%) survived for the same duration after diagnosis. This discrepancy is cause for concern and prompts a deeper exploration of the underlying factors contributing to the disparity.

Factors Influencing Late Diagnosis

One potential explanation for the late-stage diagnoses in Black men is the differing ways melanoma manifests in this population. While other racial groups in the study were more likely to exhibit superficial spreading melanoma, characterized by abnormal skin lesions, Black men showed a higher propensity for acral melanoma on their hands or feet.

The inconspicuous nature of melanomas in these locations may contribute to delayed diagnosis. Additionally, lower rates of private insurance coverage among Black men and a general tendency among men to seek medical care less frequently than women were identified as potential contributing factors.

Unmeasured Factors and Challenges

Despite accounting for the stage at diagnosis, men in general still exhibited worse overall survival rates than women with melanoma. This discrepancy suggests the presence of unmeasured social, genetic, tumor-specific, and potentially biological factors that impact melanoma outcomes.

Factors such as hormonal variations and immune system responses to melanoma tumors require further investigation. Moreover, darker-skinned individuals often mistake melanoma for other skin conditions, leading to delays in seeking care and receiving definitive treatment.

Addressing Racial Disparities in Melanoma Care

The study’s findings underscore the pressing need to address racial disparities in melanoma survival rates. Efforts should focus on improving access to dermatological care and promoting awareness among both patients and healthcare providers. Identification and diagnosis of melanoma lesions in a timely manner can lead to improved outcomes. While increasing education and training for healthcare professionals, with a specific emphasis on recognizing melanoma in atypical sites, can help mitigate the risks faced by underserved populations.

Perhaps the most alarming stat in the study is the disparity in melanoma survival rates among racial groups, particularly those faced by Black men. Late-stage diagnoses, distinct tumor characteristics, and delayed medical care-seeking contribute to the lower survival rates observed in this population. By prioritizing early detection and interventions, healthcare providers and communities can work together to narrow the survival rate gaps and improve melanoma care for all individuals.

The post Study Shows Black Men at Higher Risk of Melanoma-Related Deaths appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Race and Schizophrenia: Exploring the Relationship

The higher rates of schizophrenia diagnosis in the Black community compared to White Americans have sparked interest in understanding the relationship between race and the condition.

While genetics play a role in schizophrenia, environmental factors, including experiences of trauma, stress, and racism, may contribute to the increased vulnerability of Black individuals to the illness. More research is needed to unravel the complex interplay between race and schizophrenia.

Could There Be Racial Disparities in the Diagnosis of Schizophrenia?

Evidence suggests that racial disparities exist in the diagnosis of schizophrenia, with Black individuals often facing misdiagnosis or overdiagnosis. Assessment biases, where clinicians overemphasize psychotic symptoms and downplay mood symptoms, can lead to the misclassification of mood disorders such as schizophrenia.

Additionally, systemic racism and mistrust in healthcare systems may impact how symptoms are interpreted and diagnosed. Recognizing and addressing these disparities is essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

The Very Human Cost of Misdiagnosis

Misdiagnosis of schizophrenia can have severe consequences for individuals in the Black community. It can lead to improper treatment, such as the use of medications with side effects that may burden already underserved populations. Misdiagnosis can also perpetuate stigma, impact hopefulness, and result in inadequate therapy and social support. It is crucial to address the human cost of misdiagnosis and strive for accurate assessments to improve outcomes for Black individuals with mental health conditions.

A Possible Solution for Racial Disparities in Schizophrenia Misdiagnosis

To mitigate racial disparities in the diagnosis of schizophrenia, it is vital to implement solutions that promote accurate assessments and culturally-tailored care. A more deliberate diagnostic process, utilizing structured clinical interviews, can minimize biases and improve diagnostic accuracy. Increasing diversity in the mental health workforce, including practitioners from the same racial group as the patients, may help reduce biases and improve patient-provider rapport. Additionally, addressing treatment barriers within the Black community, such as through religious communities and churches, can enhance access to appropriate care.

Improving Treatment for Schizophrenia in Black Individuals

Improving treatment outcomes for Black individuals with schizophrenia requires a personalized and comprehensive approach. Culturally-tailored care that considers the unique experiences and needs of Black individuals can minimize the impact of the illness and promote better outcomes. Early intervention, ongoing support, and addressing social, cognitive, and emotional challenges associated with schizophrenia are crucial in helping individuals lead meaningful and productive lives. By addressing racial disparities in access to care and providing appropriate treatment, we can strive for equitable mental health outcomes in the Black community.

The post Breaking the Bias: Racial Disparities in Schizophrenia Diagnosis appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Melanoma, also referred to as malignant melanoma or cutaneous melanoma, emerges when melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin, the pigment accountable for tan and brown complexions, undergo uncontrolled growth. In this informative presentation, we will delve into the various aspects of melanoma, including its causes, symptoms, detection, and treatment options.

Learn more about available clinical trials here.

The post Melanin & Melanoma with Dr. Hope Mitchell – PART 2 appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Melanoma, also referred to as malignant melanoma or cutaneous melanoma, emerges when melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin, the pigment accountable for tan and brown complexions, undergo uncontrolled growth. In this informative presentation, we will delve into the various aspects of melanoma, including its causes, symptoms, detection, and treatment options.

Learn more about available clinical trials here.

The post Melanin & Melanoma with Dr. Hope Mitchell – PART 1 appeared first on Black Health Matters.

In 2008, July was designated as National Minority Mental Health Awareness Month, aiming to address the mental health challenges faced by minority communities in the United States. This annual observance seeks to raise awareness, reduce stigma, and improve access to mental health services for racial and ethnic minority groups.

Studies have indicated that racial and sexual minority communities often experience higher rates of mental health disorders, including anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and PTSD. Unfortunately, societal prejudices and discrimination contribute to feelings of rejection and harassment among these stigmatized groups. Additionally, factors such as economic conditions, education levels, and limited access to public health benefits further impact the mental health experiences of different ethnic groups.

Unique Struggles Faced by Minority Communities

National Minority Mental Health Awareness Month sheds light on the unique struggles faced by racial and ethnic minority communities concerning mental illness. Mental health conditions do not discriminate based on race, color, gender, or identity; however, it can sometimes feel that way.

The stigma surrounding mental illness, combined with systemic and historical barriers, exacerbates the challenges faced by marginalized, oppressed, and disenfranchised individuals. Recognizing and addressing these concerns is crucial to providing appropriate and empathetic mental health care.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic On Minority Mental Health

The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on mental health, with an increased prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in adults. The extent of this increase is still unclear, but certain populations experienced more pronounced symptoms. Access to mental health and substance use disorder services has long been a challenge for many minorities and those facing economic challenges, with barriers such as cost, limited provider options, and low insurance acceptance. The pandemic further exacerbated these barriers, leading to workforce shortages and an increased demand for services.

A light was shined on the need for telehealth services and call centers like those behind 988. These services became instrumental during this time and their value was seen by all. Sustainable funding for crisis call centers and the development of comprehensive crisis response systems have become ongoing concerns. Addressing these challenges and ensuring equitable access to mental health and substance use services remains a priority.

Empowering Mental Health Caregivers

Addressing the mental health needs of minority communities requires the presence of professional and empathetic mental health caregivers. The role of mental health professionals is vital, especially those who understand the unique experiences, concerns, and traumas faced by marginalized individuals. By recognizing and acknowledging the impact of systemic and historical barriers on mental health, caregivers can provide appropriate diagnoses, support, and treatment to help individuals overcome mental health issues.

National Minority Mental Health Month plays a crucial role in raising awareness, reducing stigma, and improving access to mental health care for racial and ethnic minority communities. By recognizing the unique struggles faced by these communities and addressing the systemic barriers that contribute to mental health disparities, we can work towards achieving mental health equity. Together, we can strive for a society where mental health care is inclusive, empathetic, and responsive to the diverse needs of all individuals.

The post July Is National Minority Mental Health Awareness Month appeared first on Black Health Matters.

July is Cord Blood Awareness Month. Cord blood, the stem-cell-rich blood that flows through the umbilical cord and placenta, holds immense potential to save lives. By donating your newborn‘s cord blood, you can contribute to a nationwide effort to create a genetically diverse inventory of stem cells for transplantation. The importance of cord blood awareness, particularly for African American mothers, can’t be understated.

How it Works: A Simple and Painless Process

Cord blood donation is a straightforward and painless process worth considering, even if you choose not to store your child’s cord blood for private use. Cord blood stem cells have been successfully used for decades in treating various blood and immune system disorders, effectively saving lives. By choosing a reputable cord blood preservation service, you ensure that the highest quality and quantity of stem cells are available when they are most needed, particularly when a child could require a transplant.

Minority Donors Needed: The Importance of African American Participation

African American, Hispanic, Asian, and mixed-race individuals play a crucial role in publicly donating their baby’s cord blood. Patients in need of a transplant are more likely to find a suitable match from a donor of the same ethnic background. Unfortunately, national registries have fewer units collected from ethnic minorities, making it especially challenging to find a compatible donor. Therefore, African American mothers should consider publicly donating their baby’s cord blood to increase the chances of finding a match for those in need.

Cord Blood Banking: Understanding the Options

Private cord blood banks often advertise the preservation of cord blood as a form of biological insurance against various conditions, including cerebral palsy. However, it’s important to note that cord blood is currently only approved for treating specific blood and immune system disorders. Extensive research is still required to establish the safety and effectiveness of cord blood for other conditions.

The Special Properties of Cord Blood Stem Cells

Cord blood contains hematopoietic stem cells that have the remarkable ability to develop into any type of blood cell in the human body. In the past, bone marrow transplants were the primary method for obtaining blood stem cells, but cord blood transplants have emerged as a faster and less risky alternative. Cord blood transplants have been particularly beneficial for people of color, as bone marrow registries tend to lack diversity. Additionally, cord blood does not require as precise a match as bone marrow.

Understanding The Difference Between Public And Private Cord Blood Banks

Public and private cord blood banks offer different services for cord blood storage. Public donations are made available to anyone, including researchers, through a national registry at no cost to the donor. However, it may not be possible to retrieve your own baby’s cord blood if a family member requires it. Private banking, on the other hand, involves a cost but ensures that the banked blood is reserved for your baby or another family member who may need it in the future. It’s important to understand the pros and cons of each option before making a decision.

The Controversy Surrounding Private Cord Blood Banking

Private cord blood banks operate as for-profit companies, and their methods and quality standards can vary. While public banks must meet strict requirements and adhere to regulations, private banks may not always meet the same standards.

Some private banks may also market cord blood as a therapy for conditions like autism or cerebral palsy, despite the lack of conclusive evidence supporting these claims. It’s essential to carefully evaluate the claims made by private cord blood banks and consult with medical professionals for accurate information.

Making an Informed Decision

Deciding whether to bank your baby’s cord blood is a complex choice that depends on various factors. The American Academy of Pediatrics and The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommend routine private cord blood banking only in specific circumstances, such as when a family member needs a stem cell transplant or has a known genetic disorder. However, even in these cases, the effectiveness of using your baby’s cord blood may be uncertain. Public banking, which involves donating cord blood to help others, is encouraged as a potentially life-saving option.

Banking your baby’s cord blood is a personal decision that should be carefully considered. It’s crucial to assess the likelihood of someone in your immediate family needing a stem cell transplant, your willingness to donate cord blood, your hospital’s capability to accept donations, and the financial implications of private banking. Ultimately, every family’s situation is unique, and while cord blood preservation can provide potential benefits, it should not be considered an essential treatment. If you have the means and understand the potential limitations, private banking may be an option. Alternatively, donating cord blood to a public bank can greatly increase the likelihood of saving someone else’s life.

The post A Lifesaving Gift: Cord Blood Awareness for African American Mothers appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Substantial strides have been made in enhancing survival rates, yet glaring disparities persist. Black Americans face higher diagnosis rates at younger ages and are confronted with elevated mortality rates. By joining forces, we can strive towards narrowing these gaps and fostering improved prospects for all individuals affected by multiple myeloma.

The Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation facilitates connections with specialized healthcare teams, ensure accurate diagnostic testing, and grant access to tailored treatments. Through relentless research and collaborative efforts, we envision a future unburdened by the shackles of multiple myeloma.

The post Multiple Myeloma and Its Impact on the Black Community appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Sanders has been battling circulation problems in his arteries, which carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. The blood clots in his leg have led to blockages, restricting blood flow and depriving the tissues of oxygen. The consequences of reduced blood supply can be severe, potentially leading to tissue death.

The Relationship Between Blood Clotting and African American Men

Research indicates that African American men have a higher risk of developing blood clots compared to individuals of other races. Black populations, regardless of age or gender, exhibit higher rates of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which is the formation of blood clots in deep veins. DVT can be a life-threatening condition, causing thousands of deaths annually in the United States.

Potential Causes and Risk Factors

Several factors contribute to the increased risk of blood clots among African American men. These factors include:

• Genetic Factors – Certain genetic traits, such as the sickle cell trait and other mutations associated with blood clotting, are more prevalent in Black populations. These genetic variations can predispose individuals to a higher risk of blood clot formation.
• Chronic Health Conditions – African American men often have a higher prevalence of chronic health conditions, including high blood pressure, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and metabolic syndrome. These underlying conditions can contribute to the development of blood clots.
• Heart Disease – Black men have higher rates of heart-related health problems, such as strokes, coronary artery disease, and heart failure. These conditions can exert pressure on blood vessels, increasing the likelihood of blood clot formation.
• Lupus –  Lupus, an autoimmune disease more common among Black women and men, can lead to chronic inflammation in the body. Individuals with lupus have a higher incidence of blood clot formation.
• Smoking and Secondhand Smoke Exposure: African American men have higher rates of exposure to secondhand smoke, and a significant percentage of Black smokers prefer menthol-flavored cigarettes. Smoking and exposure to tobacco-related products can raise the risk of blood clots.

The challenges being faced by Deion Sanders highlight the seriousness of these blood circulation conditions and their potential impact on African American men. Understanding the underlying causes and risk factors can help individuals and healthcare professionals identify and manage the risk effectively.

By promoting awareness and implementing preventive measures, we can strive to reduce the burden of blood clot-related complications in this population.

The post Deion Sanders Highlights African American Risk For DVT & Blood Clotting Issues appeared first on Black Health Matters.

The post Artist Nikkolas Smith Captures the Lived Experiences of Sickle Cell Warriors in Powerful Artwork appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Recorded Live in front of our Newark audience at the 2023 Black Health Matters Spring Summit. 

The post Spot the Signs and Symptoms Of Breast Cancer #BHMSummits appeared first on Black Health Matters.

To help men, especially African American men, prioritize their well-being, Black Health Matters present the Men’s Health Checklist. While it is important for each individual to be cognizant of their family history and personal issues, this comprehensive guide outlines the essential screenings and exams that men should consider at different stages of life, ensuring proactive health management and an improved quality of life.

In Your 20s:

• Annual Physical Exam: Make it a habit to schedule an annual check-up with your primary care physician. This will allow them to assess your overall health, review your family medical history, and establish a baseline for future comparisons.
• Sexual Health: If you’re sexually active, it’s important to get tested for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) annually or more frequently based on your sexual behavior. Openly discuss safe sex practices and any concerns you may have with your doctor.
• Skin Check: Regularly examine your skin for any new or changing moles and other skin abnormalities. If you notice any concerning changes, seek the advice of a dermatologist.

In Your 30s:

• Blood Pressure: African American men, in particular, have a higher risk of hypertension. Have your blood pressure checked at least once every two years. If you have a family history of hypertension or other risk factors, consider more frequent monitoring to stay ahead of any potential issues.
• Cholesterol Levels: Starting at age 35, it’s advisable to have your cholesterol levels checked every five years. African American men tend to have higher cholesterol levels, increasing the risk of heart disease. If you have risk factors such as obesity, diabetes, or smoking, consult your doctor for earlier and more regular screenings.
• Testicular Examination: Perform monthly self-examinations to detect any lumps or abnormalities in the testicles. If you notice anything unusual, consult a healthcare professional.

In Your 40s:

• Prostate Health: African American men have a higher risk of prostate cancer and tend to develop it at a younger age. Engage in a discussion with your doctor about prostate cancer screening, usually through a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test. Consider starting discussions earlier, around age 45, to stay proactive in your health management.
• Diabetes Screening: African American men are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes. Consider getting screened for diabetes every three years, especially if you have risk factors such as obesity, high blood pressure, or a sedentary lifestyle.
• Colon Cancer Screening: Beginning at age 45, African American men should have a conversation with their doctor about the various screening options available for colon cancer, including colonoscopy or stool tests. Regular screenings can help detect early signs of colorectal cancer.

In Your 50s and Beyond:

• Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Screening: If you’re between the ages of 65 and 75 and have ever smoked or have a family history of AAA, including African American men, it’s important to consider a one-time ultrasound screening to assess the health of the abdominal aorta.
• Bone Density Test: African American men are at a higher risk of developing osteoporosis and fractures. Discuss a bone density test with your doctor, particularly if you have risk factors. This discussion is especially crucial for men aged 65 and older.
• Eye Exam: African American men are at a higher risk of developing glaucoma and other vision-related issues. As you age, regular eye exams become essential. Schedule comprehensive eye exams at least every two years or as recommended by your ophthalmologist.

Taking proactive steps toward maintaining good health is of utmost importance for men of all ages, especially African American men. The Men’s Health Checklist serves as a valuable reminder, outlining crucial check-ups at various stages of life.

By prioritizing regular screenings and exams alongside adopting a healthy lifestyle, you can identify potential health issues early on and significantly contribute to a healthier and happier life. Remember, investing in your health today will pave the way for a brighter tomorrow.

The post Prioritizing Men’s Health: An Essential Checklist for Every Age appeared first on Black Health Matters.

The road to this point had been anything but easy for Marti. She was diagnosed with this immune disorder in 2018 after a terrifying incident that changed her life overnight.

“It was a really traumatic entry into this world of Multiple Sclerosis because I didn’t have really any symptoms that were, at least, of note.”

While she had experienced tingling sensations in her extremities a few weeks prior, Marti brushed it off as a temporary side effect of her recent travels. Little did she know that her life was about to change dramatically.

On one fateful morning, she awoke to find her body partially paralyzed and instantly realized that something was seriously wrong.

“I had never been sick before. I had never been in the hospital before,” Marti explained. “I woke up with a shooting pain down the left side of my body and realized I was paralyzed. The emergency room doctors weren’t really sure what was wrong with me.”

Hours of medical tests, examinations, and being rushed to a second hospital led to the revelation of several lesions on her brain and spinal cord through an MRI scan. This discovery was consistent with Multiple Sclerosis.

“It was such a jolt and a fast course into M.S. I didn’t know much about it,” Hines recalls. “They always tell you “don’t go to Google.” But I did…and I was terrified.”

The pages that Marti read told of all the worst-case scenarios that she could face. The disease has many different effects and they all were there. Her initial experience, as with many newly diagnosed patients, was a confusing and isolating time.

“What added to that confusion was that most of the images and references to this disease were that of middle-aged white women.”

In 2022, Marti Hines received a significant opportunity to make a difference when she was invited to be a part of the National MS Society’s domestic campaign, which launched in the heart of New York City’s Times Square. The campaign aims to raise awareness about MS and provide support to those affected by the disease.

As a Black woman, Marti quickly recognized that there was a lack of awareness and understanding surrounding MS, particularly when it came to the unique experiences faced by people of color.

Drawing upon her position in the entertainment world, Marti Hines decided to use her voice to shed light on this lesser-known aspect of MS. Launching Marti’s MS Life, she became a resource for fellow MS warriors and the general public, spreading awareness and providing support. It has allowed her to help others during difficult times that she herself at experienced,

“What I’ve heard most is that people just want to be seen and they want to be heard and they want to be believed, especially with M.S. being an invisible illness.”

The invisible illness aspect is a major point for many with the illness. Marti urges people to be kind. She knows the ways that MS can create confusion and misguided judgment from outsiders. Marti partnered with Genentech’s #MSVisibility campaign to raise awareness for how the invisible symptoms of MS impact her daily life and mental wellbeing.

“One day you can see me and I could be using a scooter or a cane or not able to walk at all. Then, the next day, you could see me at Walk M.S. event walking three miles. I think it is hard for our brains to process.”

Through Marti’s MS Life, Marti Hines aims to bridge this knowledge gap. Her platform serves as a shining example of the importance of community by offering valuable insights and resources to those facing similar struggles. By sharing her own experiences, she helps others navigate the often daunting journey of living with MS.

Marti Hines is a testament to the strength of the human spirit in the face of adversity. Despite the hardships she has endured, she remains determined to make a difference and bring attention to the heightened symptoms experienced by people of color with MS. Through Marti’s MS Life, she continues to raise awareness, empower others, and foster a sense of community among MS warriors and the general public.

The important message that Marti Hines shares is one that she hopes people will hear.

“Sick can look a lot of different ways. It doesn’t necessarily have to be someone in a hospital bed. There are days when I am fully dressed, in make-up, and I am having one of the highest pain days that I ever had. So that’s a shift I would love to see people become more aware of and something I always try to talk about.”

The post Unveiling The Invisible: Marti Hines Sheds Light On The Challenges of M.S. appeared first on Black Health Matters.

With his commanding presence and infectious enthusiasm, DaShaun led the crowd through a series of dynamic exercises, showcasing his unrivaled knowledge of abdominal training. From intense core-focused movements to innovative routines, he pushed participants to their limits, challenging them to redefine their fitness goals. His dedication to promoting health and wellness within the Black community was truly inspiring, making this workout a memorable highlight of the Black Health Matters summit.

The post Workout with the Guru of Abs! appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Melanoma is the most deadly form of skin cancer. It can spread to other parts of the body and causes over 9,000 deaths every year, according to the CDC. Melanoma can be caused by too much exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from sun or sources such as indoor tanning.

Without additional prevention efforts, melanoma will continue to increase in the next 15 years, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Darker-skinned people have relatively low risk of melanoma compared to Whites. Although the disease is uncommon in people of color, Black people and Hispanics are more often diagnosed with more advanced melanomas, and they often have higher mortality than Whites.

Researchers believe education could lead Black people to get skin checks from their doctors more regularly. They also hope better education will help health care providers spot potential skin cancers faster.

But individuals should empower themselves to learn what is—and isn’t—true about melanoma. Here are a few facts to clear up some common misconceptions about melanoma and skin cancer in general:

Misconception #1: People with darker skin don’t get melanoma.

Fact: While people with lighter skin and eye color are at higher risk of developing melanoma, anyone can get melanoma regardless of race or color. The lifetime risk of 1 in 1,000 for Black people, 1 in 167 for Hispanics, and 1 in 38 for Whites, according to the American Cancer Society. Research has shown that patients with skin of color are less likely than White patients to survive melanoma. Melanoma does not discriminate by age, race, or gender.

Misconception #2: Melanoma looks the same in all skin types.

Fact: On white skin, melanoma most commonly presents on the back or on the lower legs as a dark spot that is changing colors or growing. But people with pigmented skin get melanoma in different locations like the palms, the soles of the feet, the lips, and the fingernails. Reggae music legend Bob Marley, for example, had a type of melanoma that appeared first under the nail of his big toe where there’s less pigment.

Misconception #3: You need chronic sun exposure for years to develop melanoma.

Fact: Nearly 90% of melanomas are thought to be caused by exposure to UV light and sunlight. Increasing intermittent sun exposure in childhood and during one’s lifetime is associated with an increased risk of melanoma. So even if a person doesn’t currently sunbathe, it only takes one blistering sunburn, especially at a young age, to double a person’s risk of developing melanoma

later in life. Experiencing five or more blistering sunburns between 15 and 20 increases one’s melanoma risk by 80%.

Misconception #4: All you need is SPF 50 to keep you protected.

Fact: The SPF number is actually not as important as the amount of sunscreen, and how well and how often you put it on your body. SPF 30 absorbs 97% of the sun’s burning UV rays, while SPF 50 absorbs just slightly more—98%. So choose a broad-spectrum, water-resistant sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30. Also, avoid sun exposure as much as possible during the middle of the day between the hours of 10 am and 3 pm, when UV rays are at their strongest. Be sure to reapply frequently, especially if you’ve been swimming.

Misconception #5: Black people don’t need regular screening for melanoma or any other skin cancers.

Fact: Everyone, regardless of skin color, should see a dermatologist regularly, depending on their family history and skin type. For people of color, some medical professionals recommend a baseline screening around age 20. If there are no concerns, have a follow-up appointment every 2-3 years. And any concerns should be brought to a dermatologist; general practitioners usually lack sufficient training to accurately determine what’s actually melanoma, and what is a benign growth or something that just looks like melanoma.

With melanoma projected to increase over time, researchers are working hard to develop more options, such as those being examined in Bristol Myers Squibb’s clinical research program.

The post Five Common Misconceptions About Melanoma appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Dr. Opal Lee, the “Grandmother of Juneteenth,” played a pivotal role in Juneteenth’s recognition in Texas 45 years ago. In 2016, she made history again by capturing national attention. At age 89, embarked on a 1,400-mile trek from Fort Worth to Washington, D.C., petitioning for the official recognition of Juneteenth as a national holiday.

This year is just as important to her.  Dr. Lee says, “Juneteenth represents freedom for all, yet we are not truly free. Too many disparities persist, such as homelessness, unemployment, and unequal access to healthcare. You, the young people, have the power to change this—so get active and make a difference.”

Jubilee Day

While many consider Jubilee Day and Juneteenth interchangeable, it’s important to recognize that without the former, our national holiday might not have gained the widespread recognition it has today. In 1865, freedmen in Texas initiated “Jubilee Day,” celebrations held annually on June 19. These gatherings were rich with the tapestry of our heritage and featured music, barbecues, prayer services, and other joyful activities. As Black individuals migrated across the nation, Juneteenth became woven into our cultural fabric. It was a matter of tradition. Texas led the way by making it a state holiday in 1979, and in June 2021, Congress declared it a federal holiday. Now, on a national level, every June 19^th, we honor our ancestors and celebrate the profound impact of our collective journey.

2024 Celebrations Around the Country

Washington D.C.

While we all have different ways of celebrating Juneteenth, we want to highlight how various parts of the country embrace the holiday.

To start off, the South Lawn of the White House was packed with people and vibrant energy on Monday, June 10th. The 2024 White House Juneteenth Concert had an array of talent, with legends like Patti LaBelle, Gladys Knight, Charlie Wilson, and many more. The concert also coincided with Black Music Month. It was a space for honoring our culture and the art forms that helped shape America. People of all generations enjoyed the event as it bridged the past and present and symbolized our progress.

If you want to attend an upcoming event in the lovely D.C. area, consider visiting the National Museum of African American History and Culture on June 15th. From 11:00 to 4:30 p.m., the museum will host an event themed “Freedom, Movement, and Migration.” It will be the perfect time for families to engage in a meaningful celebration of our history, freedom, and cultural impact, commemorating Juneteenth’s significance in American history.

Atlanta, Georgia

It’s almost time for the Juneteenth Atlanta Parade & Music Festival, which will be held in Piedmont Park from June 21st to 23rd. Atlanta has hosted this event since 2011; it’s a celebration that fills the streets and immerses you in the beauty of our culture. Most attendees look forward to live music, various vendors, and good cuisine, but the festival is definitely a family space. On the 21st, the parade will feature captivating floats, dance troops, and marching bands.

Tulsa, Oklahoma

Tulsa Juneteenth is a community-funded festival on historic Greenwood Avenue, also known as Black Wall Street. The festival serves as a safe space for the community and a time to embody the liberation and resilience that characterizes our culture. Whether it be a 5k run, art exhibitions, wellness sessions, or live music, there is something for everyone to enjoy.

Galveston, Texas

If you want to go to where it all began, the birthplace of Juneteenth, then Galveston, Texas, should be on your destination list. The city is filled with historic sites, and there is always an opportunity to partake in their tours, which immerse you in the history and celebration of such a historic moment. Their annual Juneteenth Festival is coming up soon, on the 15th; it is the perfect mix of art, music, fitness, cuisine, and, most importantly, community.

Jersey City, New Jersey

For the second annual All About Us Festival at Liberty State Park on June 19th. Festival organizers have partnered with the National Juneteenth Museum in Fort Worth, Texas. The All About Us festival celebrates Black culture by blending music, heritage, history, and education into an immersive experience for all age groups. If you’re interested in musical talent, you may look forward to seeing their impressive line-up of performers, including artists like Musiq Soulchild and Crystal Waters. The event will feature exhibits on the history of Black hair, Black cinema, vendors, tasty food, live music, and access to healthcare and wellness resources. “Juneteenth serves as a day for reflection and recommitment to the values of freedom and equity, urging us to confront contemporary challenges and work towards a society where everyone’s rights are truly respected and upheld,” said Shannon Mitchell, festival co-founder.

The National Juneteenth Museum

As we celebrate Juneteenth, we are celebrating the preservation of our past and the current global impact of our culture, yet there is still much to look forward to in our future. We can anticipate the grand opening of the National Juneteenth Museum. This institution will commemorate the formerly enslaved’s historic journey and become a captivating tourist destination and a space for collaborative education.

Dr. Opal Lee, a founding board member, is affectionately known as the “Grandmother of Juneteenth.” She played a pivotal role in Juneteenth’s recognition in Texas 45 years ago, and in 2016, she made history again by capturing national attention. At age 89, she embarked on a 1,400-mile trek from Fort Worth to Washington, D.C., petitioning for the official recognition of Juneteenth as a national holiday. Her visionary thinking is a key catalyst behind Juneteenth’s national recognition in 2021 and the establishment of the National Juneteenth Museum.

The museum will be in the Historic Southside neighborhood on the corner of Rosedale Street and Evans Avenue in Fort Worth, Texas, and is expected to open in 2026. It will be an epicenter for preserving Juneteenth’s history and a space to foster transformative conversations. If you want to incorporate some of Dr. Lee’s revolutionary spirit into your life. She will complete her annual 2.5-mile walk at the African American Museum of Dallas to recognize the time it took for the news and enforcement of freedom to reach the enslaved people in Texas.

Registration is not limited to those nearby; you can also register virtually to participate. Juneteenth is a time to come together and uplift the voices and stories within our community. Consider looking into events near you. A transformative experience may be closer than you think. As we embrace the spirit of Juneteenth, let’s continue to honor our past, celebrate our present, and hold joy in our hearts for the bright future ahead.

The post Celebrating The Significance of Juneteenth appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that develops when melanocytes, the cells that give the skin its tan or brown color, start to grow out of control. It’s much less common than the two other major types of skin cancer—basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma—but much more likely to invade nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. Most deaths from skin cancer are caused by melanoma.

Skin that makes more melanin is naturally darker and provides more protection from the sun’s UV radiation than light skin, according to the American Cancer Society. But not all types of melanoma are related to UV radiation exposure. Your genes or other factors may have a role in your risk for it.

The lifetime risk of developing melanoma is 1 in 1,000 for Black people, 1 in 167 for Hispanics, and 1 in 38 for Whites, according to the American Cancer Society. While it’s true that people with darker skin have a lower risk of melanoma, it’s also true that non-Hispanic Black Americans are more likely to have lower survival rates when they are diagnosed, according to the study “Melanoma Among Non-Hispanic Black Americans” 

That’s partly because compared with non-Hispanic whites, people with darker skin are more often diagnosed with later-stage melanoma (after it’s spread). It’s also because the most common type of melanoma among non-Hispanic Black people — called acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) — has a lower survival rate.

This type of melanoma tends to occur on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, or under the nails. Those are not obvious places people think to check for skin cancer. Researchers say education could lead Black people to get skin checks from their doctors more regularly. They also hope better education will help healthcare providers spot potential skin cancer faster.

Melanoma at any stage is a serious diagnosis. Surgery is the most common approach to treat melanoma, according to the Melanoma Research Alliance. Studies show that Blacks are far less likely to receive surgery for their melanomas compared with Whites, even though it improves survival.

While medications are available that can slow the progression of the disease, not all melanomas respond, and the side effects can outweigh the benefits. That’s why researchers are working hard to develop more options, such as those being examined in Bristol Myers Squibb’s clinical research program. 

The post Black People and Melanoma  appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that develops when melanocytes, the cells that give the skin its tan or brown color, start to grow out of control. It’s much less common than the two other major types of skin cancer—basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma—but much more likely to invade nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. Most deaths from skin cancer are caused by melanoma, according to the American Cancer Society.

Melanoma can develop anywhere on your body. They most often develop in areas that have had exposure to the sun, such as your back, legs, arms, and face. Melanomas can also occur in areas that don’t receive much sun exposure, such as the soles of your feet, palms of your hands, and fingernail beds. These hidden melanomas are more common in people with darker skin.

The first melanoma signs and symptoms often are a change in an existing mole or the development of a new pigmented or unusual-looking growth on your skin. Melanoma doesn’t always begin as a mole. It can also occur on otherwise normal-appearing skin.

When melanoma is caught early, it is highly curable. However, as melanoma spreads throughout the body it becomes more difficult to treat. Some people have a higher risk of getting melanoma than others, but it’s important to know that anyone can get melanoma.

Melanoma represents about 5% of all cancer diagnoses in the United States each year, according to the Melanoma Research Alliance. While rates for many cancers are decreasing, new cases of melanoma are rising rapidly, especially among younger people. In fact, cases of melanoma have tripled in the last 30 years.

According to the American Cancer Society, melanoma is more common in men overall, but before age 50 the rates are higher in women than in men. The risk of melanoma increases as people age. The average age of diagnosis is 65.

It’s not always clear what causes melanoma. For example, while most moles never turn into melanoma, some do. Researchers have found some gene changes inside mole cells that may cause them to become melanoma cells. But it’s still not known exactly why some moles become cancerous while most don’t.

There is no sure way to prevent melanoma. Some risk factors such as your age, race, and family history can’t be controlled. But there are things you can do that could lower your risk of getting melanoma and other skin cancers.

Limit your exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays by wearing sunscreen, seeking shade, and avoiding using tanning beds and sunlamps. You can also check your skin regularly to help you spot any new or abnormal moles or other growths and show them to your doctor before they even have a chance to turn into skin cancer. You can also avoid weakening your immune system, which increases your risk of melanoma and other types of skin cancer.

Learn more here.

The post What is Melanoma?  appeared first on Black Health Matters.

What is Bowel Cancer?

Bowel cancer starts in the rectum or colon. It often begins as polyps that, when caught early, can be removed before advancing to more serious forms of the disease that can be life-threatening. According to the Colorectal Cancer Alliance, over 150,000 Americans are diagnosed with colon or rectal cancer each year. Over 50,000 will die from it. However, with regular screening and removal of polyps and abnormal cells, bowel cancer is often preventable.

Symptoms of Colorectal Cancer

Symptoms of bowel cancer are often mistaken for many other, more common and less serious conditions. For example, many people experience diarrhea, constipation, and bloating from time to time. However, if these symptoms are persistent or come on suddenly, you should report this change to your healthcare provider.

Severe symptoms include changes in bowel habits, blood in the stool, abdominal pain, cramps, fullness, weight loss, and fatigue.

Risk Factors for Bowel Cancer

There are many risk factors for bowel cancer, some of which you can adjust to lower your risk and improve your overall health in the process. It’s important to discuss all risk factors with your healthcare provider so you can work with them on a plan for appropriate screening for colorectal cancer and other health conditions you may be at risk for, such as hypertension, diabetes, and other forms of cancer.

• Age: More and more people aged 20-45 are developing polyps that may lead to bowel cancer. However, it is still most common in those over 50.
• Diet: A diet high in red meat, especially when cooked at high temperatures, can increase your risk of bowel cancer. Low vitamin D levels may also contribute. A healthy diet can decrease risk considerably, especially when used to maintain a healthy weight.
• Tobacco and Alcohol Use: Both smoking and heavy, long-term drinking are linked to many types of cancer and chronic health conditions. Those who stop smoking can improve their overall health, better manage existing issues, and may help prevent others.
• Activity Level: Not being physically active can slow the bowels and contribute to cancer risk. You can reduce this risk by following the CDC’s exercise recommendations for adults.
• Weight: Being overweight or obese seems to affect men more than women. However, a healthy diet and staying active may help you maintain a healthy weight, improving your risk for bowel cancer and other health conditions.
• Colorectal Polyps: Having adenomas (polyps) removed during a previous colonoscopy increases the risk of developing additional ones that could become colon or rectal cancer in the future.
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): IBD is not the same as Irritable Bowel Syndrome and instead leads to dysplasia, or abnormal cells in the lining of the bowels that may eventually become cancerous cells. Examples of IBD include ulcerative colitis and Chron’s Disease which affect the inner lining of the bowels.
• Family History: According to research, as many as one-third of those who develop colorectal cancer will have a close relative with it as well. It’s important to know the medical history of your parents, grandparents, and siblings.
• Ethnic Background: African American, American Indian, and Alaska Native people have the highest rates of colorectal cancer in the United States.
• History of Cancer: Having had some form of cancer in the past puts you at an increased risk of bowel cancer.
• Other Genetic Conditions: There are several other health conditions closely linked to bowel cancer, such as Lynch syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis, and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.

Diagnosing Colon or Rectal Cancer

Screening tests for bowel cancer are recommended starting at age 45. There are many tests available depending on your risk level, preferences, insurance coverage, and other several factors.

• Stool Tests: There are several types of stool tests that are used to detect blood, such as gFOBT (guaiac-based fecal occult blood test) and FIT (fecal immunochemical test). Another test, the FIT-DNA test, helps to detect altered DNA.
• Flexible Sigmoidoscopy: A flexible tube fitted with a light is used to check for polyps and other signs of cancer cells. It is limited to the rectum and the lower colon.
• Colonoscopy: This more intensive test checks the entire colon and is usually used as a follow-up when other tests are abnormal or done every ten years routinely. Polyps and some most common types of cancer cells can be removed using a flexible tube and specialized instruments.
• CT Colonography: Also known as a virtual colonoscopy, a CT colonography uses computer technology to view the entire colon, but does not offer the added benefit of removing any suspect polyps or cancerous cells should they be detected.

Bowel Cancer Treatment

Early-stage colon or rectal cancer is often treated by removing the affected polyps with a polypectomy. Larger polyps may require removing a small section of the colon as well through an endoscopic mucosal resection. If there are several polyps present or they cannot be removed through a standard colonoscopy, your treatment team may recommend laparoscopic surgery. When caught early, minimal treatment is needed.

Advanced Bowel Cancer Treatment

Treatment for advanced bowel cancer is more involved and can include everything from surgery to chemotherapy. Your treatment team will carefully consider your test results, risk factors, and more, to determine the best possible care.

• Surgery: Surgical treatments for advanced rectal cancer or colon cancer may include a partial colectomy (removal of part of the colon), an ostomy (changing the way stool leaves the body), or removal of the lymph nodes. If colorectal cancer is terminal, bowel surgery may be used to relieve symptoms, such as removing a blockage or treating excessive bleeding.
• Chemotherapy: Treating advanced bowel cancer with chemotherapy can help shrink cancer until it can be removed surgically or relieve symptoms of terminal colon or rectal cancer. It is often used alongside other cancer treatments like radiation therapy.
• Radiation Therapy: This therapy can be used like chemotherapy to shrink cancer until it can be removed surgically or to relieve symptoms.
• Targeted Drug Therapy: Based on the specific type of cancer cells present, drugs may be used to block their growth and even kill them, thereby forcing cancer into remission. It is typically used with other cancer treatments.
• Immunotherapy: Similar to targeted drug therapy, immunotherapy uses medications to target cancer cells. However, these drugs boost the body’s immune system to help it fight the cancer itself.
• Palliative Care: If colorectal cancer is severe and treatments are not effective, supportive care may help relieve symptoms. A treatment team can suggest ways to improve the quality and length of life for both the patient and their family.

African Americans and Bowel Cancer

More Black people will be diagnosed with bowel cancer than any other race in the United States every year. Death rates are also higher for those who have been diagnosed with colon or rectal cancer. What causes this and what can be done to correct it?

Colorectal Cancer Facts

African Americans are at high risk for bowel cancer and for several reasons, from genetic reasons to a lack of preventative care like routine screening tests. The American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy offers more insight into the startling facts about colorectal cancer and Black people. Let’s look at a few of them.

• 1 in 41 Black men will die from colon or rectal cancer compared to 1 in 48 Black men. Comparatively, 1 in 44 Black women will die from it versus 1 in 53 White women.
• African Americans are more likely to develop polyps on the right side of the colon where they are harder to detect.
• Black people are more likely to be diagnosed more advanced bowel cancer when treatment options are limited.
• Black Americans are at higher risk for cancer of all types, and cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States.

Factors Affecting the Black Population

The American Cancer Society has compiled recent statistics and is predicting how bowel cancer will affect the African American population through 2024 in their “Cancer Facts & Figures” report. This report is highly detailed, but the things you should know are:

• African American men are much more likely to refuse a colonoscopy and other preventative screening measures.
• Bowel cancer is more likely in those with a family history, causing an increased risk for relatives.
• Lifestyle choices that increase the risk for colorectal cancer, like diet and tobacco use, are higher in the Black population.
• Access to care due to lack of health insurance, transportation, or other resources is limited for many who are considered low-income.
• Co-existing health conditions, such as diabetes or high blood pressure, cause increased risk for bowel cancer and other cancers in general.
• Some states, such as those in the south with many more underserved African American neighborhoods, have higher rates of bowel cancer.

Preventing Bowel Cancer

Colorectal cancer has a survival rate of 90%, but this is only with early detection, so screening is key. For those of average risk of bowel cancer, the American Cancer Society recommends routine colon cancer screening starting at age 45. This was recently updated from the previous recommended age of 50. There are many types of screening tests, from stool-based tests to a CT colonography.

Those at high risk, including African Americans with additional risk factors, should begin screenings earlier and get them more often at the direction of their doctor.

Black Americans at High Risk for Bowel Cancer

Black Health Matters cares and is helping to make the African American community aware of their risk simply because of their ethnic background. Screening is the first step in preventing bowel cancer, and more African-Americans should be aware of their risk and screening recommendations. You should discuss any other possible risk factors, such as family history, with your healthcare provider and begin screening at age 45.

The post The Importance of Early Detection: Screening for Bowel Cancer in African Americans appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Since 1981, we have watched the evolution of HIV/AIDS ravage and rebound among white men who have sex with men to a primarily Black/African American disease. Specific occurrences in history, particularly during the 90s, acted as a conduit to the story we currently see unfolding. At the height of the HIV epidemic was the use of illicit drugs in urban epicenters from New York City to Los Angeles. There was an open declaration of the War on Drugs, increased rates of mass incarceration, poverty, and economic turmoil which created the perfect storm for an epidemic.

One may ask, Is HIV still an issue in 2023?

Even though innovations for diagnosing, treating, and testing for HIV have made the disease much more manageable, such that people are living longer, the HIV rates among Black people and especially Black women should give us pause.

Data suggests:

· Although Black/African Americans represent almost 13 percent of the U.S. population, they accounted for 42.1 percent of HIV infection cases in 2019.

· In 2020, African Americans were 7.8 times more likely to be diagnosed with HIV infection, as compared to the white population.

· African American men have 8.1 times the AIDS rate as compared to white males.

· African American women have 15 times the AIDS rate as compared to white women.

· African American men are 6.0 times as likely to die from HIV infection as non-Hispanic white men.

· African American women are 15.3 times as likely to die from HIV infection as white women. 
https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=4&lvlid=21

Black women are vulnerable to HIV! Among women in the United States, Black women lead in HIV infections. One out of four new HIV infections is Black women. Further, the vast majority of HIV infections are transmitted through heterosexual contact. More importantly, Black women are having sex in communities where HIV is prevalent which makes them more susceptible to infection.

Knowing your HIV status is critical to Ending the HIV Epidemic. Prioritizing yourself is essential to having optimal health. HIV is not a death sentence. It is a chronic disease like hypertension or diabetes that requires an early diagnosis and treatment to have the most favorable outcome. Chronic diseases such as HIV should be discussed with your healthcare provider. Talk to your health care provider about your health concerns and ASK your provider for an HIV test as a part of your annual physical and make an HIV test a part of your health care routine.

Black women are resilient, and strong pillars of their community. Self-care is self-love and it is imperative for Black women to know their HIV status and #TakeTheTest/ #GetTested. To find out where to get HIV tested, go to: https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/hiv-testing/learn-about-hiv-testing/where-to-get-tested/

June 27th is National HIV Testing Day and knowing your status is paramount to living your best life by keeping you and your partner(s) safe.

The post National HIV Testing Day: Empowering African Americans to Take Control of Their Health appeared first on Black Health Matters.

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Health Issues Affecting Black Americans

While people self-identifying as any race are susceptible to many health conditions, the Black population is especially vulnerable to several. From a lack of educational attainment to living in poorer neighborhoods to higher rates of unemployment and being uninsured, the Black community is fighting for racial equality in healthcare. Men’s Health Month stresses the importance of the struggle that many men face when seeking care for these conditions and more.

Cardiovascular Disease

Heart disease is a term used to describe a number of conditions related to the heart, including heart attack, stroke, heart failure, arrhythmia, and more. Although Black women are disproportionately affected by heart disease as compared to Black men, African Americans are much more susceptible to it than White people. The Office of Minority Health reports that both African American and non-Hispanic White people were diagnosed with Coronary Artery Disease in similar numbers, but that Black people were less likely to have their hypertension controlled and more likely to die from heart disease.

Mental Health Concerns

Many Blacks live in low-income neighborhoods and are below the poverty line themselves, placing them at higher risk for psychological distress. According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), the rates of serious mental illness rose among African Americans between 2008 and 2018. As an example, while depression and major depressive episodes have decreased overall across the country and all races, they have increased sharply among all age groups of Black Americans. Black teenagers are more likely to attempt suicide but, as a race, African Americans are less likely to die by suicide compared to those of other ethnic background.

Prostate Cancer

Black Americans are more than twice as likely to die from prostate cancer than White men and other people of color. Part of the problem is that their cancer is detected later when it is more advanced and there are fewer treatment options available. Awareness and early detection has improved survival rates for all races, including African American patients. Today, when caught early, prostate cancer has a 99% 5-year survival rate. More needs to be done to raise awareness of prostate cancer and its disproportionate effects on the black population. However, there have already been great strides made with concerted efforts on behalf of government agencies, local community organizations, and healthcare providers.

Diabetes

Diabetes affects your body’s use of insulin, either by changing how much of it is produced or how well it responds to it. It often leads to other serious health conditions like heart disease and kidney disease. Diabetes also affects the Black population more than non-Hispanic Whites and every other race. The Office of Minority Health reports that African American adults are more likely to be diagnosed with diabetes, with Black men more likely to die from it. In recent years, it’s been found that Black people were more than 2.5 times more likely to be hospitalized with complications from the disease and twice as likely to succumb to it than White people.

Kidney Disease

The National Institutes of Health has insight into why Black people are more likely to suffer from kidney disease than any other race. American Indians and Alaskan Natives are 1.2 times and Hispanics are 1.3 times more likely to be diagnosed with kidney failure. By comparison, Black Americans are four times as likely to suffer from it. The two most common causes of kidney failure are hypertension and diabetes, which are also prevalent in African American communities for a variety of reasons, including the lack of preventative care, lifestyle choices, and limited access to healthy foods.

Living a Healthier Life

The School of Public Health and Indiana University has offered a list of ways that all men, regardless of race, can improve their overall health, reduce their risk of chronic illness, and feel better each day. Remember that men’s health is important all year and not just in June when we recognize Men’s Health Month. If you have any existing health conditions or questions about implementing the suggestions below, be sure to speak with your healthcare provider.

• Maintain a Healthy Weight: Your ideal weight is typically measured by body mass index (BMI). You can use a BMI calculator to help you determine the ideal weight for your height. It will not include body type or other factors, so your doctor may give you a different target weight.
• Eat a Healthy Diet: It’s important to consider the types of foods you eat and the size of your portions. While there are many trendy diets out there, the best bet is to learn more about the foods you eat, like protein, carbohydrate, and fat content.
• Take a Multivitamin Supplement: Multivitamins are a great way to ensure you get plenty of the nutrients your diet may be lacking.
• Stay Hydrated: You should aim to drink 0.5 ounces of water per one pound of body weight. For example, if you weigh 200 pounds, you should drink approximately 100 ounces of water each day.
• Exercise Regularly: The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommends 150 minutes of physical activity each week. You can break this down into shorter workout sessions throughout the week that fit better into your schedule. If needed, start small and work your way up.
• Reduce Screen Time: Sitting down too much increases the risk for heart disease and stroke. If you must work at a computer most of the day, be sure to take frequent breaks. Getting up to walk or stretch can help you feel better throughout the day as well.
• Get Enough Sleep: The amount of sleep you need changes as you get older. The important thing is that you feel rested when you wake up. Good sleep is linked to improved mood, brain performance, and overall health.
• Limit Alcohol Intake: Alcohol should be consumed in moderation and safely. Long-term alcohol use is linked with hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and some forms of cancer. It may also lead to risky sexual relations, motor vehicle crashes, and violence.
• Manage Mental Health: There are many ways you can support your mental health, from self-care to practicing gratitude to regular meditation. By putting yourself first you are better able to support those around you.
• Keep Yourself Accountable: Whether you turn to a support group, your family and friends, or use an app, keeping yourself in line with your health goals is important.

How to Raise Awareness for Men’s Health Month

It’s easy to help raise awareness for Men’s Health Month this June and there are plenty of ways to do it too. Be sure to involve women and families if appropriate, as they are some of your biggest advocates and want you to stay healthy as well. While Black people may be disproportionately affected by some health conditions and struggle with the healthcare system for various reasons, Men’s Health Month is the ideal time to help create balance. Here’s how you can help:

• Wear Blue Day: In 2023, Wear Blue Day is celebrated on June 16th. The goal is to help raise awareness for men’s health, which will ultimately lead to longer, healthier lives.
• Share Your Support: Do you know someone who is struggling with their mental health, heart disease, or other condition? Many Black people suffer in silence. Take this opportunity to reach out and encourage them.
• Create an Awareness Campaign: There are many ways you can raise awareness through a campaign. Ask the HR department at work to set up an event, send out flyers within your local community, or write a letter to the editor at your newspaper.
• Join a Fundraiser: Is there a fundraiser happening nearby? Join that 5K walk, request sponsorship in the next food drive, or simply announce that you’ve made a donation to an organization and ask others to do the same.
• Start a Healthy Living Group: Do you know plenty of men who would benefit from going for regular walks, staying accountable on a healthy diet, or losing weight? Why not band together to make it happen?
• Organize a Health Fair: You can work with a local health clinic to advertise preventative screenings for prostate cancer, hypertension, diabetes, and other conditions. Reach out to a few and see if they are interested in raising awareness for Men’s Health Month.
• Plan a Sports Day: Have your friends, family, and local communities come together for a sports day. Pay a small fee to play and send the proceeds to an organization who can use the funds to support men’s health.

Men’s Health And The Black Population: Raising Awareness

Black Health Matters stands with you in our efforts to raise awareness for men’s health. We encourage you to support those you love with health conditions such as heart disease or mental health diagnoses, share your own stories of hope and survival, and collaborate with peers this June to raise awareness for Men’s Health Month.

The post What Men’s Health Month Means For African Americans appeared first on Black Health Matters.

If you’re here, you probably have some questions.

• What is menopause?
• Why do Black people have worse symptoms?
• Why do they have a greater chance for premature menopause?
• What medical treatments are available?
• Can you manage menopause without hormone therapy?

Keep reading for the answers and more information on symptoms and stages of menopause, possible complications, and statistics.

What is Menopause?

Menopause is something every woman-born female must face at some point, whether they naturally progress through the transition or it is caused by hormone therapy, hysterectomy, or illness such as cancer. What is menopause exactly?

The Symptoms

The signs of menopause change as you transition through the various stages (more on that below) and are different for every person. For example, hot flashes may be a common symptom that most people associate with menopause, but some women rarely get them or they are mild, so early signs of perimenopause could be mistaken for another illness or condition.

Menopausal symptoms can include:

• Menstrual Cycles: They may become irregular, cause heavy bleeding, or you may notice spotting and other changes.
• Urinary Incontinence: A loss of bladder control is quite common. It may feel like a sudden feeling of urinating or cause leaking with physical activity or sneezing.
• Sleep: Trouble sleeping could be caused by hot flashes or urinary incontinence. However, trouble falling or staying asleep may have no other known cause.
• Sexual Health: Vaginal dryness and thinning skin can make sexual intercourse uncomfortable. Hormonal changes may affect libido. It’s common for those in menopause experience changes in their sex drive.
• Mood: It’s not fully understood why women in menopause experience mood changes. However, stress seems to play a role. Self care and speaking with a therapist may help.
• Body Changes: Changes in hormone levels affect the body in various ways, including appearance, cognitive ability, and bone density.

The Stages

There are three stages of menopause: perimenopause, menopause, and post-menopause. Progression through each stage may vary based on age, lifestyle, family history and treatment.

Perimenopause

During this “menopause transition,” women may experience symptoms of menopause while still having menstrual periods. Ovaries atrophy, or slowly lose muscle, so they release less estrogen and progesterone. While a woman can still get pregnant, fertility slowly declines with age and as perimenopause progresses. This stage can last anywhere from three to ten years, leading to menopause. For a vast majority of women, this menopausal transition typically begins around mid- to late 40s.

Menopause

Menopause immediately follows once menstrual periods have stopped for one year. This is when ovaries stop releasing eggs and pregnancy is no longer possible. The average age of menopause is 51, but many other factors such as previous illness, the number of pregnancies, and family history can affect this.

Postmenopause

Postmenopausal women may experience symptoms of menopause for several years after their last menstrual cycle. However, these tend to become more mild over the years, dissipating until they are less bothersome or even disappear completely. Women’s health concerns don’t disappear with their menstrual periods, though, and post-menopause creates a higher risk for complications.

The Potential Complications

Not all women will experience these complications, but there is an increased risk with age. Hormone therapy and other treatments may come with their own potential complications, but could also help mitigate those associated with menopause. It may also be possible to address these complications directly if you are at risk or experiencing symptoms. It’s important to work closely with your medical provider on a treatment plan that works best for you.

Postmenopausal complications may include:

• Cardiovascular Disease
• Osteoporosis
• Loss of Bladder Control
• Urinary Tract Infections
• Changes in Sexual Function
• Weight Gain
• Mental Health Issues

Black Women and Menopause Symptoms

Throughout Black history and into today, differences in how Black people experience various health conditions and how they are treated for them are well documented. All women experience menopause, so it is crucial that healthcare providers have a good understanding of women’s health, especially for Black women.

Medical Statistics

Looking at the statistics, it’s easy to see how Black Americans not only experience menopause differently, but are also treated differently because of it. One study published in Women’s Midlife Health by researcher Sioban Harlow looked at the disparities that the Black population faces. The study shows that, despite reporting their difference in symptoms, they aren’t getting the appropriate difference in care. Let’s take a closer look at the numbers.

Black people are:

• More likely to report experiencing hot flashes than White people
• More likely to report symptoms of depression
• Less likely to report sleep problems but more likely to experience them
• More likely to report increased physical limitations
• More likely to have existing health conditions prior to menopause, such as obesity, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease
• More likely to experience worsening of pre-existing conditions

Healthcare Experiences

According to the same study, discrimination and other structural issues within the healthcare system greatly affect the treatment that Black Americans receive for menopause and other conditions. Because they may receive no or inadequate treatment for pre-existing conditions, it may cause higher risk for more severe symptoms and complications because of menopause.

Medical studies are an important part of learning more about why Black people experience menopause differently, and how it can be treated to reduce symptoms. Many community groups, national organizations, as well as state and federal agencies are working to reduce disparities within the healthcare system to ensure everyone has equal access to care.

Managing Menopause

Regardless of race, managing menopause can help you feel better physically as well as mentally. Treatment can range from hormone therapy to lifestyle changes but often include a blend of both, depending on your symptoms. You’ll need to work closely with your healthcare provider on what will work best for you.

Hot Flashes

Hot flashes cause a sudden feeling of warmth, usually in the chest, neck, and face. You might appear red, have blotchy skin, and sweat. It’s also common to feel anxious or have mild heart palpitations. Fluctuations in body heat could lead to feeling chilled as the hot flash ends. The episodes usually only last a few minutes but can be intense. If they occur often and affect daily activities, it’s time to talk to your doctor about treatments.

A Medical Treatment Plan

The Office on Women’s Health offers information on menopause treatment options, such as hormone therapy. While it’s important to do your research and understand what is available, you should ask questions and learn more from your primary care doctor or specialist before making an informed decision about your care. Remember, though, that medical treatment for menopause is not always necessary.

• Menopause Hormone Therapy: These prescription medications are often prescribed for premature menopause or very severe symptoms that affect daily life. They should replace the estrogen levels that your body now lacks because the ovaries are not producing it themselves, thereby reducing or eliminating any symptoms of menopause.
• Topical Hormone Therapy: Creams, gels, and inserts with low doses of estrogen may be used directly on or in the vagina to help ease symptoms where they are most bothersome without many of the side effects or additional risks caused by hormone therapy medications.
• Natural Remedies: Not all herbal or natural remedies work for everyone and you should discuss the use of non-prescribed supplements with your doctor before use. However, many women report positive experiences with supplements like black cohosh, red clover, and soy.

Lifestyle Changes

Women usually don’t need medical intervention for menopause, but they can still make lifestyle changes to reduce their symptoms. These changes may also help reduce symptoms of or risk factors for other health conditions.

• Keep a menstrual calendar
• Do yoga and other bone strengthening exercise
• Take care of your cardiovascular health
• Meditate for stress relief
• Control weight gain
• Improve sleep
• Do Kegel (pelvic floor) exercises for bladder control
• Manage blood pressure, cholesterol and other common health conditions

The Menopause Guidebook

The North American Menopause Society publishes the Menopause Guidebook. The newest edition includes the most up-to-date information on menopause, from scientific advancements to the latest recommendations for medical treatments and holistic approaches to symptom management. It is ideal for both healthcare professionals and patients. You can purchase a copy yourself or ask your provider if they offer them as handouts. If they don’t currently, you might suggest that they do.

Taking Women’s Health (And Black Americans) Seriously

Hot flashes aren’t the only signs of menopause, and while many women experience only mild symptoms, more severe ones many make it difficult to go about daily activities. The menopausal transition could be more difficult for the Black population and those who self identify as Black. Monthly cycles may stop, but the need for quality women’s health care does not. Organizations like Black Health Matters work to raise awareness of the importance of such care for Black Americans.

The post Menopause & Black Women: Disparities in Symptoms and Treatment appeared first on Black Health Matters.

However, music can do much more than sing gospel and narrow racial divides. Music can heal us physically and mentally, improving heart health and lifting our moods. Below, we look at many of the ways music can boost our health and then bring us together for Black Music Month.

Music And Your Health

Our physical, psychological, and mental health can be affected in various ways by the music we listen to. From music therapy now offered in many school districts based on sound research to music artists visiting patients in hospitals, songs can be healing and even prevent long-term illness.

Physical Health

Listening to music affects our physical health in many ways, from calming our heart rate and blood pressure to reducing pain. Even singing a song to an infant as they fall asleep can help them get through the night peacefully.

• Balance: Many older adults experience uneven gait or will fall at some point during their lifetime. Those with conditions such as Parkinson’s are at even higher risk for falls. Walking with music has been shown to improve gait when balance training during physical therapy.
• Heart Rate: A study published in 2022 by Cereus found that classical music affects the autonomic nervous system, triggering a calming reaction that can reduce the heart rate. This is especially beneficial for those with heart disease.
• Blood Pressure: The same study noted a decrease in blood pressure. Over 80% of those taking part in the study found that fast-paced dance music had a positive impact on mood, lowering their stress level and blood pressure.
• Pain: In a meta-analysis of nearly 100 studies, a researcher from Ewha Womans University in Seoul, Korea found that music had a significant impact on chronic pain relief. It seemed to help more than some opioid and non-opioid pain medications in some instances.
• Endurance: It’s believed that music may help stimulate the body during cardio and strength-building exercise to help increase endurance. This could possibly be affected by increased motivation, a psychological effect of listening to music.
• Sleep: Sleep quality is significantly improved in both children and adults when listening to calming music before bed. Relaxing music prior to sleep results in less sleep disturbance throughout the night for a more restful night.

Psychological Health

Music also affects our psychological health, helping to increase our brain’s functioning and improve performance, from learning to creativity to motivation.

• Cognitive Performance: Interestingly, not everyone performs better during mental tasks while listening to music. If you are one of the many who learns better while enjoying the amplified sounds through your headphones, it could be that music helps to improve your cognitive performance.
• Creativity: The same way music affects cognitive performance, it can enhance divergent thinking, which is a key element of creativity, especially when it comes to artistic work.
• Motivation: Music affects the entire brain, making it work more efficiently and strengthening the neural pathways that connect the various areas, such as the cerebellum and limbic system. In other words, music gives your brain a mental boost.

Mental Health

When we think about listening to music and how it affects us, most of us think about our mental health. Listening to the music a little too loud on the ride home from work can be cathartic if you’ve had a hard day. A breakup playlist might be just what you need if you’ve had your heart broken. Or perhaps you have an exciting road trip playlist ready for that long drive to visit a friend. Pressing play on the right song might be just what you need if you find yourself in need of a mental health boost.

• Mood: Music can influence your moods by either playing into the emotions you are feeling, allowing you to release them, or giving you a way to disengage from the mood of the moment, distracting you for a moment so you can process them later. This is a healthy way of coping with strong emotions so long as you come back to revisit them when you are able.
• Stress: The University of Nevada describes the scientific reasons music helps us relax from stressful situations. Certain songs may help the brain’s alpha brainwaves sync to the beat, creating a rhythmic flow that is only present when we are conscious but relaxed.
• Depression: Medical News Today reports that music therapy helps to support medication and talk therapy for those experiencing depression, making them more effective at lifting mood by increasing levels of dopamine.
• Anxiety: The same article explains that music therapy can reduce the levels of stress hormones, which can reduce symptoms of anxiety. Results can be seen immediately whereas other anxiety treatments could take weeks or months to be effective.
• Serious Mental Illness (SMI): SMI includes such diagnoses as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, PTSD, and borderline personality disorder. Nearly 350 studies reviewed by Frontiers in Psychology showed music to be beneficial in treating severe mental illness.. It has far-reaching benefits when treating them alongside medication management and talk therapy.

The History of Black Music Month

President Jimmy Carter first designated June as Black Music Month in 1979. It was later updated to African American Music Month by President Barack Obama. The month-long celebration of the sound, song, and stories of what has become the Black music industry began with a presidential proclamation but has become something much more. Today, Black music is used to address social concerns, spread cultural pride, and reach new, young audiences regardless of race.

Music Genres Created and Influenced by Black Musicians

Black music started from the beginning and grew from the sounds and turmoil facing the slaves of the South. From such strife came the songs and lyrics we still listen to today. Let’s take a closer look at the genres inspired by some of the most prominent African American musicians.

• Sacred Music: Gospel music plays during many services even today but has its roots in the musical traditions of enslaved African Americans of the South. This music often inspired other genres.
• Folk Music: These lyrics are also inspired by cultural traditions rooted in slavery and were the beginnings of the hip hop and rap movement of today.
• The Blues: The Blues form a solid foundation for modern music in America. It was also geographically different. Listening to the Blues in Chicago was very different from Southern Texas, as the lyrics spoke of both the troubles and the cultural uniqueness of each location.
• Military Music: While African American music was unique back home, it became unique on the front lines as Black countrymen incorporated their own style into traditional military tunes.
• Jazz: Jazz was a “musical innovation” that began in New Orleans as an instrumental form of expression. It is often made up on the spot with elaborate solos from talented band performers.
• Rhythm and Blues: Gospel, the Blues, and Jazz all influence R&B music, which began in the 1940s. It helped to spread African American culture to new audiences. Today, it also incorporates elements of Soul and Funk.
• Rock and Roll: African Americans have claimed their own special place in the Rock and Roll Hall of fame with many big musicians. The genre is one of the largest today and blends country music, Pop, and others.
• Hip Hop and Rap: Today, hip hop and rap are a billboard for social and political issues facing African American culture. Black musicians share their views through streaming services, radio, and other creative ways.
• Others: There are many other genres of music that should be recognized, such as Funk and Motown, Boogie Woogie, and Soul. African American music has touched on nearly every genre throughout the genrations.

African American Musicians

National Black Music Month is founded on the musicians of the past, including such names as Diana Ross, Tina Turner, and the classical composer Florence Price. There are too many key figures to list, but we can start with a few of the most notable ones who laid the foundation for the Black artists of today.

• Aretha Franklin
• Ella Fitzgerald
• Ray Charles
• Jimi Hendrix
• James Brown
• Stevie Wonder
• Michael Jackson
• Prince
• Little Richard
• Tina Turner

Today, African American musicians touch every genre, from country music to hip hop. In their music, you’ll find cultural pride expressed, paying homage to the musicians of the past, and many examples of what’s made their music what it is today.

• Lizzo
• Usher
• Alicia Keys
• Rihanna
• Darius Rucker
• John Legend
• The Weeknd
• Khalid

Black Music Month and Your Health

June is National Black Music Month and Black Health Matters wants to celebrate with you. Our story starts with you, so choose your favorite African American artists and give a listen, then make it a part of your daily self care. Why not try experiencing something new as well?There’s no shortage of amazing artists to listen to.

The post Black Music Month: How The Power Of Song Boosts Mental & Physical Health appeared first on Black Health Matters.

What is Brain Cancer?

There are over 100 different types of brain tumors. While not all of them are malignant brain tumors, they can be life-threatening simply because of the complexity of the brain and the symptoms they can cause. Brain and spinal cord tumors can affect everything from the pituitary gland to the cerebrospinal fluid. Essentially, any part of the brain and central nervous system is susceptible to cancer.

Brain Cancer vs. Brain Tumors

All brain cancers are tumors, but not all tumor cells are cancerous. Some tumors are slow growing and don’t pose an immediate threat. Benign brain tumors can be any size and may be malignant brain tumors in the future.

Brain Tumor Types

From gliomas affecting glial cells to germ cell tumors that begin in reproductive cells that travel to the brain, both primary and secondary brain tumors are serious conditions that should be treated by an experienced team of providers.

• Benign Brain Tumors: These are noncancerous brain tumors that are slow growing and may only need to be watched for signs of cancer in the future. They can be located anywhere in the brain or spinal cord.
• Malignant Brain Tumors: Cancerous brain tumors are primary brain tumors that start in the brain or spinal cord. A brain tumor that starts here may metastasize and spread to another area of the body.
• Metastatic Brain Tumors: Also called secondary brain tumors, these originate in another area of the body and spread to the brain. They commonly begin as lung cancer, breast cancer, and pancreatic cancer.

Risk Factors for Brain Cancer

The American Cancer Society, after researching brain and spinal cord cancer extensively, has not found any risk factors for brain tumors. While some brain tumor types can be linked to radiation therapy used to treat other types of cancer, such as leukemia, other tumors may have no apparent cause. Still, there are some inherited conditions like neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis, and Turcot syndrome that may put you at greater risk for specific brain cancers. Many believe that cell phone use leads to brain cancer, and there are ongoing studies to determine the risk, but there is no known connection at this time.

Brain Tumor Symptoms

The brain is complex and the symptoms caused by a tumor will vary depending on the location of it and its size. For example, vision problems could be a sign of a tumor affecting the temporal lobe, occipital lobe, or brain stem, while an inability to look up may show a pineal gland tumor. The symptoms you experience are clues that your healthcare team will initially use to diagnose the tumor and begin tests to pinpoint it.

• Double vision and other vision changes
• Difficulty swallowing (brain stem)
• Lactation, even in men (pituitary gland)
• A change in menstrual cycle
• Weakness or paralysis (frontal lobe)
• Confusion
• A change in speech or hearing (occipital lobe or temporal lobe)
• Memory problems
• Loss of balance (cerebellum)
• A feeling of pressure near the tumor
• Headache
• Nausea or vomiting
• Fatigue
• Difficulty sleeping
• Siezures

Brain Tumor Treatment

Brain tumor treatment will be different based on individual circumstances. Your team of experienced physicians and other providers will recommend the best treatments. However, these are some of the available treatments that they may offer.

• Craniotomy: Brain surgery to remove the tumor is often one of the first suggestions depending on its size and location.
• Radiation Therapy: This treatment can shrink the tumor, especially if it’s too large to remove initially.
• Brachytherapy: Radiation therapy can be targeted to the brain tumor by surgically placing a radioactive item next to it.
• Chemotherapy: Strong medications are used to kill cancer cells. They often use it with other cancer treatments.
• Immunotherapy: Also called biological therapy, immunotherapy helps to boost your body’s natural fighting ability.
• Targeted Therapy: Drugs fight the specific type of tumor cells present, leaving surrounding brain tissue healthy.

African Americans and Brain Cancer

Black people, and Black men in particular, are more affected by brain cancer than other races. Disparities in the healthcare system can account for some of the problem, but not all. African Americans may be more susceptible simply because of their ethnic background.

Most Common Tumor Subtypes

The six most common brain tumor types for African American adults are lymphoma, meningioma (both benign and malignant), glioma, astrocytoma, glioblastoma multiforme, and anaplastic astrocytoma. According to a 2014 study published in the Medical Science Monitor, those aged 20 to 49 are most susceptible to lymphoma, while those over 50 are more likely to develop glioblastoma.

The Survival Statistics

The survival rates for those with brain cancer vary depending on multiple factors, including the type, location, how advanced the cancer is when found, responsiveness to treatment, and more. However, there are general estimates created based on recent studies and published by the American Cancer Society. Ependymoma has the highest average five-year survival rate when caught early at over 90% while glioblastoma has the lowest. For those over 55, the survival rate is just 6%.

Pediatric Brain Cancer

Leukemia was once the deadliest childhood cancer, but that has since been replaced by brain cancer. One contributing factor is racial disparities in healthcare. Over recent years, survival rates for children with leukemia have improved, while those with brain cancer have declined. Because glioblastoma multiforme is one of the most common brain cancers in African Americans and mixed-race children, the length of time before receiving a diagnosis, the quality of treatment, and post-treatment care are all playing large roles in survival rates.

One study evaluated patients under the age of 19 from 2000 to 2015 and found that five-year survival rates for non-Hispanic White children were over 50% while African American children had an average survival rate of just 44%, the lowest of all races represented.

Barriers to Treating Brain Tumors

The barriers to treating brain cancers are the same for both children and adults. Unfortunately, a brain tumor can present with symptoms that are brushed aside far too long and a patient may not receive a diagnosis until the cancer has advanced and treatment options are limited. Even after receiving a diagnosis, a patient may not have access to the care they need for proper treatment of brain cancer.

Socioeconomic Factors

Many African Americans live in low-income neighborhoods without access to a primary care physician who may notice brain tumor symptoms early. If they do, there may not be a large hospital network or specialist provider nearby that can treat their brain cancer. Black people are less likely to have health insurance coverage, so paying for this treatment may be challenging or impossible. Even the cost of taking time off work or requiring family members to do so in order to take them to medical appointments may be too high a financial burden for those diagnosed with any type of life-threatening illness like cancer, limiting their options for treatment.

Provider and Systemic Racism

Providers who do not understand the differences in care required by the Black community may not recognize brain cancer symptoms or treat them as seriously as they might for a non-Hispanic White patient. This racial equality bias within the healthcare system may result in a delay of treatment that can allow the cancer to advance. Systemic racism has been a part of Medicare and Medicaid since the beginning, influenced by early funding and race relations at the time. While policies are beginning to change, it can be more challenging for African American patients to get the care they need, especially when struggling through an already difficult time.

Lack of Diversity in Clinical Trials

The biggest barrier to treating Black people with brain cancer is simply not understanding how brain tumors affect them. This is because there is a lack of diversity in clinical trials. Minorities in general are underrepresented in the trials that have published results as well as information about the races included in the study. As many as 70% of recent clinical trials do not publish or have not noted the ethnic background of those taking part, which makes it difficult to understand how brain cancer and various treatments are different for African Americans.

The Black Population and Brain Cancer

Is it a benign tumor? Is it malignant? Do you have to worry about secondary brain tumors and it having begun somewhere else? With no known risk factors for brain cancer, it’s difficult to catch early, but even more challenging for Black people who suffer from socioeconomic and healthcare disparities that become barriers to diagnosis and treatment. Only with awareness of brain cancer and these barriers can we ensure everyone gets the treatment they need and deserve. Black Health Matters is working diligently to do just that.

The post Empowering African Americans in the Battle Against Brain Cancer appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Below, we answer some important questions about oral health, including what it is and why it’s important, potential complications of poor oral health, barriers for Black people, and what is currently being done or should be to address them.

The Importance of Oral Health

From dental caries to gum disease, oral health conditions can range from mild to severe. Seeing your dentist regularly can help prevent many problems and treat others before they worsen. Many physical health problems can contribute to poor oral health and poor oral health can cause additional ones, so preventing tooth decay and other dental conditions is vital to good general health.

Common Oral Health Conditions

Oral health problems can include the teeth, gums, the bones that support the teeth, the tongue, the back of the throat, and more. The three most common conditions that many people face are cavities, gum disease, and cancer.

• Tooth Decay (Cavities): Also called dental caries, cavities are small holes in the surface of the tooth’s enamel caused by acids from sugary foods and bacteria caused by plaque. They are most common along the gumline and in hard-to-reach crevices where it’s difficult to brush.
• Gum Disease (Periodontal Disease): Gum disease is more common than you think and nearly half of adults over 30 have experienced it. It is caused by inflammation or infections in the gums and bone that support the teeth. It may be preventable in some cases with good oral hygiene. However, some underlying conditions and risk factors also play a role, such as having a weakened immune system or family history.
• Oral Cancer: Tobacco use and alcohol are the two most common causes of oral cancer. Human papilloma virus, or HPV, may also contribute to oropharyngeal cancers located in the back of the throat. Routine oral cancer screenings, especially for those with risk factors, are essential for early treatment.

Poor Oral Health Risk Factors

While poor hygiene is one of the biggest risk factors for tooth decay and gum disease, they are not the only ones. For example, diabetes decreases your ability to fight infections and can lead to periodontal disease and tooth abscess, which can be difficult to treat with underlying health conditions. Osteoporosis can lead to bone loss and tooth decay over time, especially with increased age. You should discuss any underlying health concerns with your dental hygienist and dentist so they can make you aware of any potential links between your oral and physical health.

Possible Oral Health Complications

Poor oral health does not stop at your teeth and gums. In addition to contributing to tooth decay and gum disease, oral health can affect physical health. For example, endocarditis is an infection of the lining inside the chambers of your heart. It’s caused by bacteria, usually from the mouth, spreads through the bloodstream. Similarly, poor oral health can contribute to more chronic conditions like heart disease.

Breaking It Down (by Age Group)

The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) details the disparities in oral health and those who are most at risk based on age, income, education level, and more. One such statistic is the oral cancer survival rate, which is lower among Black men compared to White men. This is largely because Black people are more likely to smoke. Other factors for oral health problems can be broken down by age group.

Children (up to age 19)

Approximately 28% of non-Hispanic Black children have had dental caries in their “baby teeth” compared to 18% of White children. Children in low-income homes, including African American, are three times as likely to have untreated cavities in primary teeth and twice as likely in permanent teeth. They are also less likely to receive dental sealants that can prevent cavities.

Adults (ages 20 to 64)

BIPOC, including African and Mexican Americans, are up to three times as likely to have untreated cavities as White people. Education plays a large role in dental care for this age group. Those considered low-income or without private health insurance are most likely to have untreated cavities. Smokers are at the highest risk.

Seniors (ages 65 and up)

By age 65, nearly 17% of people will have lost all their teeth. Many of them are African Americans who smoke or have less than a high school education. Older adults are much more likely to experience oral infections or chronic oral diseases as well. All of these factors play a role in overall health.

Barriers to Quality Dental Care

Getting quality dental care is a challenge for African Americans because of the system itself, socioeconomic status, and a unique culture based on generations of Black history. Combined, these can become an insurmountable barrier. Oral health disparities are especially prevalent in children of color, but can affect any age, as we learned above.

Structural Barriers

Our healthcare system has policies and procedures that lead to unequal treatment of certain populations. It also has biases that change how some receive medical or dental care based on ethnic background. These become structural barriers that unfairly target African Americans and lead to poor oral health in various ways.

• Discrimination: Approximately one third of Black people report experiencing racial discrimination within the healthcare system. A quarter have been affected by it enough to avoid dental care in the future.
• Treatment: A randomized study found that an African American would likely receive a recommendation for a tooth extraction over a root canal for a similar problem compared to a White patient. This has led to disproportionate tooth loss, especially at a younger age.
• Underrepresentation: It can be more difficult for Black people to become dentists because of socioeconomic status but also admissions standards and other policies affecting education and entrance into the field of dentistry.

Socioeconomic Barriers

According to the World Health Organization, social determinants of health (SDH) include the external factors that affect a person’s overall health. These include their income, eduction, employment, food insecurity, and more. How SDH affects Black Americans’ dental health is complex.

• Financial: Many Black people cannot afford the cost of appointments, lost income from taking time off work, and other financial burdens of dental care. Some are not able to afford fluoride toothpaste designed to prevent cavities or treat specific oral conditions.
• Awareness: Some communities do not have the educational resources to stress the importance of good oral health, regardless of average income.
• Transportation: Low income neighborhoods may not have enough dental providers nearby for those lacking reliable transportation.
• Poor Food Options: The most affordable foods aren’t always the best for oral health, which can lead to worsening conditions over time.
• Early Childhood Development: Many children don’t receive adequate dental care because caregivers are unaware of state and federal programs offering free and low cost services.

Cultural Barriers

Many Blacks were not taught the importance of oral health as children and so do not pass that down to their own. This becomes a part of culture and another challenge to overcome. Other cultural barriers include food preferences and caregiver education level.

Addressing Racial Equality in Dental Care

An article published in the Health Affairs journal in April 2022 addressed racial inequity within the healthcare system as it relates to dentistry. In it, the authors call for several actions that may help close the gap and reduce or eliminate the disparities that Black people face in understanding or seeking dental care. Here are just a few of the steps they feel should be taken:

• Changes to the electronic health records system that include dental care
• Student loan forgiveness programs for dental students of color
• Improve racial equity in dental schools, especially school admissions processes
• Expand dental benefits for adults with Medicaid
• Reward oral health programs to help motivate high-risk populations

The Healthy People 2030 initiative run by the US Department of Health and Human Services, as well as the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, also supports oral health for the Black population through a variety of evidence-based programs. Their report, containing research from over 400 contributors, details both the challenges and advancements in oral health over the last 20 years, including what has been done to help address disparities in dental care.

One such advancement is community water fluoridation. Research suggests that drinking fluoridated water helps both families and the US healthcare system save money each year on dental care by preventing dental caries. More underserved communities are now fluoridated.

Ensuring Quality Dental Care for African Americans

Periodontal disease may be common among all races, but those with any oral health problems should be able to receive the dental care they need, no matter their ethnicity, age or socioeconomic status. Unfortunately, a vast majority of Black people aren’t able to, and Black Health Matters is working to share these struggles and raise awareness of what can be done to close the gap in dental health care.

The post Addressing Racial Disparities in Dental Care for African Americans appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Common Types of Therapy African Americans Need

Whether they actively seek therapy or not, there are many types that African American patients may benefit from depending on their mental health needs. These therapy modalities have consistently underserved the Black population, but that does not mean that their mental health problems cannot be addressed by effective therapy techniques such as those listed below.

Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy is often referred to as “talk therapy” and is the most common. Many Blacks benefit from talking out their emotions, daily struggles, and negative behaviors with a therapist through weekly or other regularly scheduled therapy sessions that typically last around an hour. Sessions with the right therapist can help address symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, mood disorders, insomnia, and more. Choosing the right type of therapy is also important, as there are several forms and each has various benefits.

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): CBT is one of the most common types of psychotherapy and can address many behavioral and emotional issues through changing distorted thinking patterns, learning effective coping strategies, and more.
• Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT): This therapy is most effective for patients who experience intense emotions and related behavioral issues. It is recommended for those with more severe mental health needs like patients with PTSD, suicidal behavior, and eating disorders.
• Behavioral Therapy: Many Black youths have behavior problems in school for various reasons, but many cite racial bullying as the reason for acting out once they are comfortable speaking with licensed counselors offering effective CBT.
• Emotional Focused Therapy: Emotional support can be vital in treating past trauma and those currently experiencing relationship challenges.
• Eye Movement Desensitization (EMDR): Racial trauma is especially prevalent in Black people and EMDR is one way of helping to reprocess trauma, moving past traumatic experiences and treating PTSD.
• Family Therapy: Many Black people are not accustomed to sharing their personal struggles, even within their own families. Family therapy can help create open communication that improves the relationships between couples as well as parents with their children.

Group Therapy/Support Groups

There are many benefits of group therapy. However, Black people and people self-identifying as Black may benefit from this type of therapy more than most. Many therapists recommend group therapy because it helps participants realize they are not alone in their struggles. You may be able to find a support group specific to your needs, such as experiencing racial trauma, being a caregiver to family members, becoming a new mom, living with a specific mental or physical illness, or going through major life events. While a therapist may refer you to a support group, you may also find one nearby or online through a social media platform, networking channel, or a library calendar of events.

Family Therapy

Family therapy is often used as a preventative measure for child maltreatment. According to one study conducted in Sacramento County, California, African American children accounted for only 11% of the population but over 30% of deaths due to child abuse and neglect. However, maltreatment of children is not the only reason for family therapy. It can discover mental health needs within the family unit that can be addressed with individual therapy and other treatment options. There are many reasons why Black families are less likely to participate in this type of therapy compared to those of White people. However, the benefits of it have been well-documented in recent years.

Trauma-Focused Therapy

Trauma can come from many sources, including being involved in or witnessing a vehicle accident, losing a loved one, wartime experiences, childhood abuse, and more. However, many Black people experience racial trauma as individual racism, systemic or structural racism, and vicarious or transmitted stressors. Trauma-based therapy that focuses on realizing, recognizing, and responding to the trauma that was experienced so that a patient can live happier and mentally healthier.

Medication Assisted Therapy

According to a 2019 study conducted by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), the African American population is extremely susceptible to substance use disorders. Over 5 million Black people have a mental illness and over 2 million have a substance use disorder. Of those, nearly 1 million have both mental health needs and struggle with a substance use disorder. Medication-assisted therapy combines behavioral therapies like those listed above with FDA-approved medications to treat substance use disorders and co-existing mental health needs.

Barriers to Effective Therapy Services for Black Americans

Finding the right therapist is challenging for anyone, but can be especially difficult for Black people. The barriers to proper care listed below are just a few factors that affect the Black population and how mental health treatment looks different compared to that for White people. Let’s take a closer look.

Internalized Responsibility

Regardless of ethnic background, many women become caregivers for family members at a young age, becoming adults entirely too soon. This “adultification” affects Black adults more than most, and women especially. According to the American Psychological Association, this process results in burnout and stress. Black women are especially prone to carrying the burdens of their family unit without external emotional support and to the personal experiences of negative race relations, adding to the internalized responsibility of trying to help others around them cope with racial trauma.

Mental Health Stigma

Unfortunately, mental health stigma is particularly pervasive in the United States, affecting those of any racial identity. However, the National Alliance on Mental Health reports that more than half of African Americans feel that mental illness is a sign of weakness. These beliefs create a powerful barrier to seeking help for these conditions, the first step for which is often therapy. One reason for this barrier may be a sense of shame within the Black population surrounding mental health. Only by breaking down this stigma for those of any racial identity can we begin to help African Americans seek the therapy they need as well.

Socioeconomic Status

A Black person today has an average income slightly higher than just ten years ago, but it is still not enough compared to White people and the general population. Economic growth has not supported the Black population like it has other races. More Black adults reported poor access to healthcare because of location and transportation availability, access to health insurance coverage, educational attainment, community resource opportunities, and average household income. Black youth with mental health needs are especially vulnerable based on socioeconomic status compared to other ethnic groups.

Navigating the Healthcare System

The healthcare system in the United States is becoming more complex and health literacy is falling behind. The vast majority of those attempting to find coverage or a provider report difficulties. The Black population is disproportionately affected because of a lack of community resources in lower-income neighborhoods, lower rates of educational attainment among Black youth, and more. Health insurance coverage does not always mean that a person will find a provider, as it’s challenging to find one that accepts the right coverage and is accepting new patients. This process is tedious, even for those who understand it.

Systemic and Structural Racism

Racism within our political and economic systems affect the Black population from the financial aid they receive to insurance coverage they are eligible for. These forms of racism exist on a structural level and are changing only with political and economic reform.

Because systemic and structural racism exists, many Black people fear discrimination within the healthcare system. Coupled with mental health stigma, encouraging those with mental health needs to seek the emotional support they need has proven difficult in the past. However, as this racism is being addressed and slowly changing the landscape of our healthcare system, more Black adults are receiving appropriate care.

Being Uncomfortable With the Topic

Many Black patients are not comfortable bringing up the topic of racism with their therapist, but will speak about it if a therapist brings it up first. This can be an uncomfortable topic to broach, but it is important to discuss with patients of color. Most therapists aren’t sure how to bring it up or what they might discuss. However, it’s also important to reiterate that conversations with a therapist are confidential so any patient feels comfortable opening up about their experiences.

Lack of African American Therapists

While approximately 17% of African Americans struggle with their mental health, only 4% of therapists are Black. It’s proven that, regardless of ethnic group, most people prefer seeing a provider that is like them. It makes sense that speaking with and opening up to a person who looks like us gives us a sense of comfort that we have common interests or major life experiences. More is being done to recruit and retain Black therapists, but it will take time for this to reflect on the current number of practicing providers.

Fewer Culturally Competent Providers’

Even providers who aren’t Black can become culturally competent by learning more about their patients and their ethnic background. Many people of color report different symptoms for the same mental illness. For example, depression often presents with physical aches and pains in African Americans, whereas White people may not experience this. Providers who make the effort to understand these medical differences and the African American culture will help create an open dialogue with their patients of color that can be mutually beneficial.

Black People and Therapy: Overcoming Challenges for Better Mental Health

No matter the reason you are seeking one, finding and seeing a therapist regularly shouldn’t be a challenge for anyone, regardless of race. However, the number of Black people affected by healthcare disparities is astonishing and we should do more to address this problem. One such to do this is to raise awareness of the problem. Black Health Matters is helping to do just that this Mental Health Awareness Month by sharing more about our unique needs and struggles, stories of African Americans doing more in our communities, and helpful mental health resources.

The post Therapy’s Vital Role In The Black Community appeared first on Black Health Matters.

With her electrifying performances and powerful vocals, Tina Turner left an indelible mark on the music industry and became a role model for generations to come.

Born Anna Mae Bullock on November 26, 1939, in Nutbush, Tennessee, Turner rose to fame in the late 1960s as part of the Ike and Tina Turner duo. After emerging from her tumultuous relationship, Tina embarked on an iconic solo career that cemented her place as one of the most successful female pioneers in music history.

During the 1980s, Tina Turner’s comeback became the stuff of legends. She released a string of chart-topping hits, including “What’s Love Got To Do With It,” “Private Dancer,” and “The Best.” Her dynamic voice captured the hearts of millions of fans globally. With over 180 million albums sold and 12 Grammy Awards to her name, Turner’s impact on the music industry is immeasurable.

Tina Turner’s influence extended far beyond the music industry. Her life story was portrayed in the critically acclaimed 1993 biographical film “What’s Love Got To Do With It” and the 2021 Broadway musical “Tina – The Tina Turner Musical.” These productions brought her journey to a wider audience, spreading her message of strength and empowerment even further.

Beyond her musical and theatrical achievements, Tina Turner became an inspiration and role model, especially for the black community. Her resilience and determination in overcoming personal hardships resonated with many people, demonstrating that it is possible to rise above adversity and achieve success on one’s own terms. and empowerment to countless individuals.

In recent years, Tina Turner openly discussed her experiences of abuse, shedding light on an important issue and encouraging others to speak out against domestic violence. By sharing her story, she became a beacon of strength for survivors and an advocate for change. Her courage in confronting her past demonstrated the power of resilience and inspired others to find their own voices.

With her passing, the world has lost a true music legend and a cultural icon. Tina Turner’s impact on the black community and the music industry will continue to be felt for generations to come.

As the world mourns the loss of a musical icon, we celebrate the incredible legacy left behind by Tina Turner and the enduring impact she had on the black community and beyond. Rest in peace, Tina Turner. You will be dearly missed.

The post Legendary Queen of Rock ‘n Roll, Tina Turner, Passes Away at 83 appeared first on Black Health Matters.

What is chronic kidney disease? What are these healthcare disparities? What gene mutations make Blacks more susceptible to this disease? Read on for these answers and more.

What is Kidney Disease?

Kidney damage causing chronic kidney disease (CKD) is more common than you think. Diabetes and high blood pressure are the two most common causes, but many autoimmune disorders (like Lupus) also target the kidneys. Becoming severely dehydrated often or recurring urinary tract or bladder infections can contribute to kidney disease over time. Polycystic kidney disease is one type of this disease that is usually genetic, causes more kidney damage over time, and affects how well the kidneys filter blood.

When kidney function is compromised, one or both kidneys cannot filter blood as efficiently as necessary to keep you healthy. Toxins build up in the blood, making you feel sick and possibly damaging other organs. The condition may be temporary while you recover from an illness, but more often, the disease is long-term with a gradual loss of function.

Common Symptoms

Some signs of chronic kidney disease are easy to overlook because they can mimic symptoms of minor illnesses like dehydration. This could be feeling tired or having dark urine. If you already have diabetes, you may be used to swelling in your lower legs. However, some symptoms are a warning sign of chronic kidney disease, and you should address these with a healthcare provider as soon as possible.

• Nausea or vomiting
• Cramps or muscle spasms, especially in the lower legs
• Confusion or trouble concentrating
• Trouble sleeping
• Dry, itchy skin
• Metallic taste or poor appetite

Risk Factors for CKD

Many people are at increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease and aren’t aware, while many others already have lowered kidney function without realizing it. Kidney disease progresses quickly without treatment. If you have one or more risk factors listed below, you should discuss them with your healthcare provider.

• Diabetes
• High blood pressure
• Heart disease
• Over age 60
• Long-term use of pain relievers (particularly NSAIDs)
• Family history
• Ethnic background

Kidney Disease Treatment

The five stages of kidney disease range from very little damage and normal function in the early stages to end-stage kidney disease with little to no function. Complete kidney failure requires dialysis to remove the waste product from your blood and an eventual kidney transplant. CKD treatment will vary depending on kidney function, co-existing health conditions, and other factors. You will work closely with your kidney doctor, any other specialists needed, and your primary provider to ensure you can manage the progression of the disease as best as possible.

Why is Kidney Disease Different for Black People?

Any chronic illness brings many challenges, but Blacks facing CKD experience more of them. From biology and DNA to racism within the healthcare system, kidney disease differs for the Black community.

Systemic Racism

Racism has been ingrained within the healthcare system for decades. There are several ways in which Blacks experience systemic prejudice, including accessing or being offered healthcare resources or services.

Access to Healthcare

It is widely reported by research organizations, university publications, and others that healthcare disparities exist within the black community. Those living in poorer neighborhoods may not have access to well-equipped medical clinics or adequate health insurance. Many black Americans don’t have a primary healthcare provider for preventative care, even for such conditions as high blood pressure, or access to specialists like a kidney doctor, so early detection of most chronic illnesses is challenging.

The black population is less likely to receive testing for chronic illness if suspected, even routine urine tests, or be referred for advanced care if warranted. These healthcare access disparities are being addressed, but change has been slow, and has led to lower quality of life for many suffering from a long list of diseases and not just those affecting the kidneys.

Diagnosing Kidney Failure in African Americans

GFR is a standard blood test that measures the glomerular filtration rate, giving healthcare providers an estimate of how well your kidneys function. A long-standing belief within the medical community was that GFR results were higher for African American adults. There weren’t many clinical studies to support this theory, so a task force was created to reassess the notion. After ten months, no evidence was found, and the task force recommended that all healthcare providers immediately apply the same GFR equations to both African American and Caucasian patients. These tests are now more accurate and early detection is much easier.

Racial Bias in Transplants

NBC reported in February 2023 that changes had been made to how patients’ priority is determined when added to the kidney transplant waiting list. According to the report, Dr. Martha Pavlakis says that “the inclusion of race variables is inaccurate,” and the outdated GFR lab test is now banned. African Americans on the list will be credited with time, meaning they could receive a kidney transplant one to two years sooner than expected. Before this change, the average wait time for an African American was 64 months compared to 37 months for a non-Hispanic white person.

A study published by Current Transplantation Reports supports this, citing “structural racism” as a leading cause of Blacks’ lower access to living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT).

Co-existing Conditions

Diabetes and hypertension (high blood pressure) are the leading causes of kidney diseases. The Office of Minority Health at the US Department of Health and Human Services reports that there are nearly twice as many black Americans with diabetes than non-Hispanic white people. According to the American Heart Association, over half have high blood pressure. It is more likely to develop early and become more severe. Many fall into both categories as one is a risk factor for the other.

Other conditions are also risk factors for kidney disease, like cardiovascular diseases, disproportionately affecting the black community. Black women are especially vulnerable to autoimmune diseases, like Lupus, that attack the kidneys and sometimes lead to using NSAIDs to control joint pain.

Treatment for chronic kidney disease often requires treatment of underlying health conditions, which requires access to consistent healthcare and medications. In some communities experiencing economic disparities, this can create many challenges.

Genetic Predisposition

In addition to underlying medical conditions, a common gene mutation may increase their risk. Dr. Opeyemi Olabisi of Duke University describes this mutation and its effects for the New York Times. The APOL1 gene is found in the DNA of those with sub-Saharan or Afro-Caribbean ancestry as a defense against African trypanosomiasis. This disease, also called sleeping sickness, is caused by a parasite. While the normal gene has been helpful for millennia, those that inherit two copies of the mutated gene are much more likely to develop kidney disease. This is similar to a gene that naturally developed an immune response against malaria but made current generations more usceptible to sickle cell disease.

Medications currently being tested could help target these gene mutations to help treat chronic kidney disease in the black community at its source. Genetic testing may help determine who is at risk, but there’s no guarantee that a person with both mutations will develop the disease. However, knowing about their vulnerability could lead to high blood pressure and added stress, leading to another risk factor.

How Are Things Changing?

Thankfully, the healthcare system is slowly changing to ensure everyone gets the care they deserve regardless of race or income level. These changes are slow but happening nonetheless. Just a few of the transformations we’ve seen so far include the following:

• Addressing Social and Economic Disparities
• Better Access to Culturally-Competent Care
• Healthcare Education
• Preventative Medicine
• Better Understanding of Kidney Function
• Faster Referrals for Kidney Transplant
• Less Bias in Receiving a Transplant
• Genetic Testing When Appropriate
• Targeting of the APOL1 Gene

Chronic Kidney Disease in African Americans

It may take time for every community to see the effects of reform. Still, we hope that more awareness of these disparities will soon affect even more positive change, allowing those suffering from kidney disease to experience a better quality of life through every stage of the condition. Black Health Matters has the privilege of working with amazing people and organizations to help spread this awareness.

If you or someone you know is diagnosed with chronic kidney disease, know that there are studies and tests underway for new treatments and changes within healthcare every day to make getting those treatments easier once they are available.

The post The Realities of Kidney Disease Within the Black Community appeared first on Black Health Matters.

According to the National Alopecia Areata Foundation, about 700,000 Americans have some form of alopecia areata. Alopecia can impact individuals of all ages. African Americans are more likely to be impacted, and women are more likely to have the condition than men. Aside from the physical impact of living with this condition, those affected may also face great mental challenges. Patients with alopecia are at a greater risk for developing depression, anxiety, and other autoimmune conditions.

Alopecia and Black Hair

Black hair is notably different from other ethnic groups and its unique features allow Black women especially to create versatile hairstyles. Unfortunately, many of these popular hairstyles can be harmful and cause damage to the hair and scalp if not installed and cared for properly. The science points to the structure of Black hair being more likely to be damaged by breakage than other ethnic groups. This is due to the chemical makeup of Black hair which tends to be drier and more brittle due to its spiral structure.

Impact on the Black Community

It is important to differentiate between alopecia areata which is an autoimmune condition and traction alopecia which is preventable but also common in Black women. Traction alopecia is caused by long-term use of hairstyles such as braids, dreadlocks, extensions, and weaves that create tension on the hair and result in hair loss. Most of the risks associated with developing this type of hair loss are in individuals with relaxed or chemically treated hair, but those with natural hair may also be affected.

How Can You Live Empowered with Alopecia?

You’re probably thinking there’s nothing empowering about hair loss, but living empowered takes courage. Living with alopecia can be challenging, but you can live empowered by taking active steps to become stronger and more confident in your understanding of the condition and helping others do the same.

Be Proactive

While hair loss may be genetic and out of your control, you can prevent or slow down further hair loss by eating a balanced diet and avoiding added stress. Address other contributing health conditions such as anemia, low vitamin D levels, and abnormal thyroid levels which may also contribute to hair loss. Ensure protective styles such as braids and dreadlocks are loose and not kept in the hair for too long. Avoid chemical treatments or have them done by a professional and minimize heat styling.

Find Support

You may find it easier to cope with your diagnosis by connecting with others who are dealing with the same thing. Click here to find an alopecia support group near you.
Adults with alopecia are greater than 30% more likely to be diagnosed with depression and have anxiety. It is important to seek help from a mental health professional if needed.

Participate in a Clinical Trial

African Americans are underrepresented in clinical trials.7 Clinical trials allow researchers to contribute to improving quality of care and identifying and researching better treatment options. Alopecia clinical trials can help researchers gain more knowledge about the condition including understanding how to measure seriousness of the disease and what causes the disease. Increasing African American participation in alopecia clinical trials can help researchers investigate disease triggers, possibly develop more effective treatments, and evaluate the safety and effectiveness of long-term treatment options.

Interested in learning more about clinical trial participation? Click here for more information on participating in a Bristol Myers Squibb clinical trial, and visit BMS Study Connect to determine if you are eligible to participate in a BMS alopecia clinical trial.

This article was created together with and is funded by Bristol Myers Squibb.

References:

• NIH – Alopecia Areata
• National Alopecia Areata Foundation
• Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology – Racial Characteristics of Alopecia Areata in the United States
• NIH – National Library of Medicine. Epidemiology and Burden of Alopecia Areata
• NIH – ⦁ Black women’s hair: the main scalp dermatoses and aesthetic practices in women of African ethnicity
• Johns Hopkins Medicine. Hair Loss in Black Women: Tips from an Expert
• Journal of Investigative Dermatology. Broadening Diversity in Alopecia Areata Clinical Trial Participants

The post Living Empowered With Alopecia appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Some races are disproportionately affected by bipolar disorder, although they experience symptoms similarly. African Americans with bipolar disorder have manic symptoms and depression just as non-Hispanic White people with bipolar disorder do. However, healthcare inequities and other barriers create unique and daunting challenges.

Below, we examine some of these challenges, what we can do to confront them, and African Americans who are doing just that.

Types and Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder

Symptoms of bipolar disorder vary depending on the type and severity. The three most common types of these mood disorders are cyclothymic disorder, bipolar II disorder, and bipolar I disorder. All three include depressive symptoms and manic episodes, although in varying degrees of intensity.

Mania typically lasts a week or more with symptoms ranging from racing thoughts, distractibility, and restlessness, to increased risky behavior and decreased sleep. Depressive symptoms include fatigue, difficulty concentrating, feelings of worthlessness, and loss of interest.

• Cyclothymic Disorder: This is the milder form of bipolar. It includes many of the symptoms of hypomanic and depressive symptoms, but these symptoms may not be severe enough to qualify as true episodes.
• Bipolar II Disorder: Bipolar II disorder requires at least one hypomanic episode and one depressive episode within the previous two years. It is often accompanied by anxiety disorders or substance use disorder.
• Bipolar I Disorder: The inclusion of manic episodes and depressive symptoms indicate Bipolar I disorder.

Barriers to Care for Black People

African Americans experience symptoms of bipolar disorder the same and in similar numbers, but their care is vastly different. This is because of the barriers they face, mostly caused by a delay in treatment for a variety of reasons, from hesitation on a personal level to socioeconomic factors.

Hesitation

Many people with bipolar disorder, regardless of race, hesitate to seek treatment because of stigma around mental illness. For African Americans, this reluctance is compounded by several factors, including a mistrust of the national health care system. This mistrust is not without reason, although it can sometimes hurt those who could benefit from a mental health evaluation and possible treatment. Another reason Black Americans may wait to speak to a provider is an ingrained sense of “toughness” when overcoming whatever challenges they face. This cultural barrier has become a wall between African Americans and the health care system.

Misdiagnosis

While misdiagnosis in mental disorders is more common than physical ones, it seems to be more prevalent among Black people with bipolar disorder than other races. The most commonly misdiagnosed condition is schizophrenia. While several anti-psychotic medications can treat both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder symptoms, the mental illnesses are treated differently by providers, especially therapists. Appropriate care is vital to long-term quality of life when living with a mental health condition, so misdiagnosis among African Americans can pose complications long-term.

Lack of Providers

The American Psychiatric Association and American Psychological Association have determined one barrier to proper mental health care for African Americans is a lack of Black providers. Over 13% of Americans identify as Black compared to only 2 percent of psychiatrists and 4 percent of psychologists. There is already a shortage of providers, which makes finding care challenging in some locations, let alone finding one experienced in treating bipolar disorder that an African American can relate to and feel comfortable working with.

Lack of Health Insurance

Hispanic Americans continue to report the highest numbers of uninsured, at over 2.5 times that of White Americans. However, African Americans are still suffering the effects of a lack of health insurance with 10.9% reporting have inadequate or no health insurance compared to 7.2% of non-Hispanic White people. These findings, reported by the Kaiser Family Foundation, show that the number of un- or underinsured are declining, but more needs to be done to ensure that everyone has equal access to mental health care.

Vicarious Stress

Personal trauma is difficult to process and often results in PTSD, anxiety, depression, and other mental disorders. However, vicarious stress is trauma from supporting others you know or even your community with their trauma. It could be the death of a friend’s loved one or an act of violence that occurred near your home. African Americans are subjected to vicarious stress in many ways, including acts of racism. Because many in the community feel that they aren’t the only ones to struggle with it, they often feel as if they shouldn’t need to seek help when that struggle becomes too much. Long-term exposure to vicarious stress can affect mental health as well as physical health. One BeWELL study found that it has a profound effect on those with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Confronting the Problem

While we know these mental health barriers exist, more needs to be done to bring them down so African Americans facing bipolar disorder can get the care they need.

Address Systemic Racism

Hesitation and misdiagnosis are only two of the many possible outcomes caused by systemic racism. Many youth are directed to the juvenile justice system instead of receiving the mental health care they need. We can only address these problems and others by resolving the racism so prevalent within the mental health care system. According to a study published in the American Journal of Psychiatry, this can only be done with education and self-reflection, by changing social norms, and addressing public policies.

Relevant Training for Providers

The government-funded Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) has established the African American Behavioral Health Center of Excellence. This center supports behavioral health systems across the country better support Black communities with better intervention and treatment options, education and training for professionals, and much more. There are continued efforts being made on the state level and within communities to train existing providers.

Encourage More African American Mental Health Providers

Through scholarships and college recruiting efforts in schools, we can raise awareness of the dire need for mental health providers in the African American communities. While it will take years for future and existing students to complete the required coursework and enter the workforce, these efforts need to begin now so that a new generation of Black people can benefit from having a more diverse population of providers from which to choose.

Black People with Bipolar Disorder

African Americans are helping to sponsor support groups and scholarships through non-profit organizations and social media platforms. Some of your favorite celebrities may even understand mental illness more than you realize. Let’s look at a few Black people with bipolar disorder.

Rwenshaun

Rwenshaun Miller didn’t know how to recognize bipolar disorder let alone seek help for it. This is common for many African Americans, but males especially. Another hurdle he faced was overcoming what he’d been taught from a young age about mental health. As a Black male, it was never okay to show your emotions, to share them, or to seek help if something was off about them. He describes the genuine fear of being too loud, boisterous, or angry in public because of the threat of violence that could result in tragedy, as it has for others. A manic episode could become difficult to manage, compounding these fears. He spiraled into depression, alcoholism, and lost weight.

Like many bipolar patients, his first attempt at treatment was not successful. It wasn’t until he saw an African American male therapist that he could connect with that allowed him to embrace therapy and other treatment options. He now heads Eustress Inc, an organization that awards scholarships to Black men pursuing a career in mental health services.

Lindsay

Lindsay Anderson understands the weight of living a challenging life with a career, school, being a mom, supporting her own mom, and being an African American woman with bipolar disorder. She was once told that “Black women over exaggerate everything” when having a conversation about the many conflicts she struggles with, without mentioning the mood episodes that she experiences. These mood swings caused by bipolar disorder make managing the many external burdens an internal one that can be difficult to endure. Lindsay understands more than most what it means to be an African American with a mood disorder in a time when most are advocating for more open communication about mental health.

For many Black women, it’s not as simple as opening up to share their story and daily battle with mood episodes. Instead, most are discounted or pushed aside as overstated or untruths. As an advocate for mental health, Lindsay is the founder of Consciously Coping, a network of social media platforms aiming to support Black women living with mental illness through transparency.

Famous People

Even fame and money can’t cure this lifelong illness. Do you recognize any of the names listed below? If so, realize that you aren’t alone in living with bipolar disorder, no matter what form. Many celebrities work diligently to raise awareness of mental health and the importance of seeking help, no matter the illness or symptoms.

• Ye (Kanye West)
• Mariah Carey
• Chris Brown
• Lisa Nicole Carson
• Jenifer Lewis

Bipolar in Black People: A Bigger Mental Health Problem

As you can see, facing bipolar disorder as an African American is no small challenge. However, many are standing up to the challenge, as well as standing up for others by raising awareness and becoming advocates for their communities. Black Health Matters is one such advocate. We hope you’ll become advocates with us this May for Mental Health Awareness Month.

The post Unmasking Bipolar Disorder: Challenges and Solutions for African Americans appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Symptoms of Prostate Cancer

The signs of prostate cancer are relatively easy to notice, especially as the disease progresses, and many are urinary symptoms. However, once these symptoms arise, the prostate gland cancer may have already progressed. This is why early detection is key. Because Black people have a higher risk of developing prostate cancer, they should be vigilant about following up on any of the symptoms below.

• Frequent or painful urination
• Weak urine stream
• Urinary incontinence
• Blood in semen or urine
• Painful ejaculation
• Decrease in the amount of ejaculate
• Erectile dysfunction
• Pain in the back, hips, or thighs
• Unintentional weight loss
• Decline in overall health

Prostate Cancer Risk Factors

The three most significant risk factors for prostate cancer are age, family history, and race. Researchers have found that Black people have a much higher chance of developing prostate cancer than other races. However, there are additional risk factors that may determine whether your prostate cancer is slow-growing versus aggressive and more likely to metastasize, or spread to other organs once prostate cancer starts. These risk factors include:

• A sedentary lifestyle
• High calcium intake
• Poor diet
• Being tall
• Close family history
• Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
• Prostatitis (prostate infection)
• Agent Orange exposure

Unfortunately, there are a lot of myths about risk factors for prostate cancer, including vasectomy, increased sexual activity, alcohol intake, and taking certain supplements like Vitamin E. If you are concerned about high risk for prostate cancer, discuss it with your health care provider and the possibility of early detection screening.

Prostate Cancer Treatment

There are many treatment options available to those with prostate cancer. Once prostate cells have changed, a prostate biopsy can help determine the Gleason Score and the TNM Score. These, together, help determine the stage and likelihood of the abnormal cells spreading. They also help your health care team create a personalized treatment plan that will be most effective against the abnormal cells.

Possible Prostate Cancer Treatment Options:

• Active Surveillance: Also called “watch and wait,” it is recommended for low-grade cancers with little likelihood of spreading. Doctors may not recommend it for Black people.
• Radical Prostatectomy: Removing the prostate may also remove the cancer and prevent it from spreading if it is has not spread but may be aggressive.
• Radiation Therapy: Radiation can be performed externally or internally, depending on what may be best to treat your specific type and stage of prostate cancer.
• Freezing or Heating: Cryotherapy (freezing) or high intensity focused ultrasound (heating) is an option for small, localized cancers that are caught early.
• Hormone Therapy: Hormone therapies keep your body from producing testosterone or keep it from reaching the abnormal cells. These treatment options are used along with others. This includes androgen deprivation therapy.
• Chemotherapy: This is a very typical cancer treatment used for many cancers that have spread to other regions throughout the body.
• Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy can change and support your body’s immune system, helping it to fight the cancer on its own.
• Targeted Drug Therapy: These therapies target your specific type of cancer cells with medications designed for them and are most effective at treating recurrent prostate cancer.

Screening Options and Diagnosis

There is no routine test for prostate cancer screening. However, there are several methods for screening that your healthcare provider may suggest based on your age and potential risk factors. Providers should consider early screening for the Black population as, most times, prostate cancer starts earlier and more aggressive than those in other ethnic groups.

• Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): Also called a physical exam, your provider performs this in the clinic.
• Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: Your provider may offer a less invasive lab test to detect any potential health concerns related to the prostate. It’s important to note that it could be prostate cancer or something benign like an infection or benign prostatic hyperplasia, a noncancerous but enlarged prostate.
• PCA3 RNA: Genetic tests may rule out or confirm prostate cancer prior to scheduling a biopsy on a suspected tumor.

If results are positive or inconclusive, a prostate biopsy will be done to confirm prostate cancer. Other tests could include transrectal ultrasound or MRI done alone or with a biopsy to locate a potential tumor. The biopsy tissue is then tested to determine the stage of the disease and the Gleason Score, which helps providers predict how likely the cancer is to spread.

Prostate Cancer and African Americans

It’s important to understand that prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men. While it is quite common, the survival rates are mostly positive when caught in the early stages, even for African American men. Government agencies, the health care community, and the Black community should address the fact that, according to the statistics, Black people are still at much higher risk than other races.

The Statistics

Fewer men are dying from prostate cancer according to a literature review by the American Cancer Society Journal. The 2022 publication considered numbers from 2012 to 2016. During these years, the death rates for Black men reduced significantly from 81.9 to 39.8 deaths per 100,000 patients. For White men, the death rates declined from 37 to 19 over the same period. The gap is narrowing but still not enough, as the number of Black men dying from prostate cancer is still double that of non-Hispanic White men.

A 2020 study published via JAMA looked closely at active surveillance, also called “watching and waiting,” that is often prescribed for prostate cancer patients. This is because many diagnoses rarely progress to a life-threatening, advanced stage of the disease. A regular blood test can help determine if the cancer is worsening. However, a 2020 study has determined that more African American men experienced disease progression leading to advanced-stage prostate cancer treatment with this method. Nearly 60% of those choosing active surveillance required treatment for disease progression versus just over 40% for White people.

Tumor Variations and Cancer Advancement

The National Cancer Institute has found that, while the rates of death were similar for both Black and White males for more advanced disease, the Black population had much higher rates for low-grade prostate cancer. Scientists are still working to uncover the reasons for this. However, researchers have suggested differences in the tumors themselves. Studies of tumor genomics comparing prostate cancers of both Black and non-Hispanic White men show that those in the Black population are more likely to be aggressive, metastasizing to nearby tissue or progressing to advanced stage cancer much sooner. Another suggested cause for higher risk of death could be tumor location. Tumors in the anterior region are harder to detect and biopsy.

Barriers to Care

A Black person faces many barriers to care regardless of gender or potential diagnosis. For men, that includes prostate cancers.

Delayed Cancer Screenings

One of the most significant hurdles to quality care that much of the Black population faces in diagnosing any chronic health condition is communication with their providers. There are fewer Black providers and a smaller number that are aware of conditions that disproportionately affect the Black population. If a health care provider doesn’t understand the way prostate cancer can affect a Black patient, they may not suggest early detection screening.

Less Access to Treatment Options

Dr. Abdollah of Henry Ford Health in Michigan suggests several reasons the Black population is at risk for reduced access to proper medical care. The first and most significant cause is bias, both in the health care community and from the Black community. Closely related to bias is stigma. We often see prostate cancers in a different light than others, especially for Black men, mainly because of the sexual health component. Some patients delay care long after symptoms start even if they are aware of them because of this stigma. Unfortunately, much of the Black population is not aware of prostate cancer symptoms or risk factors, so they may not reach out to a health care provider for early detection.

Other factors affecting reduced access to care, according to Dr. Abdollah, include a lack of access to quality health centers, mistrust in the health care system due to past experiences, not having proper health insurance, and fewer early detection cancer screenings.

Fewer Health Education Resources

Education about prostate cancer typically comes from primary health care providers who are the first point of contact for most Black patients. A lack of culturally aware providers can lead to miscommunication about resources, such as prostate cancer screening. Once a patient receives a diagnosis, education about prostate cancer and community resources can be limited if a provider is unaware of those available. Treatment resources could be available, but with no access to them simply because a patient doesn’t know they exist.

Black Men and Clinical Trials

Also covered in the American Cancer Society Journal literature review are the statistics for clinical trial participation. While the Black population is considerably more affected by prostate cancer, the vast majority of those taking part in studies are non-Hispanic White men. This dramatically skews the results of such studies and makes it nearly impossible to account for the underlying causes for the disparities in both causes and effective treatment options for African American men.

It seems there are many reasons for the underrepresentation of Black adults in clinical trials. The first is that low income directly affects educational attainment. This includes education about screening, treatment options, as well as available clinical trials. African Americans are also less likely to live near research hospitals conducting studies. Those that do may not understand the reasoning for them or have a mistrust of clinical trials over traditional, proven medical care.

There may also be barriers for African Americans who wish to join clinical trials. Many studies are designed in such a way to exclude certain participants. Many of these exclusions unfairly target the Black population.

In All…

Prostate cancer begins when prostate cells change into abnormal ones. While they aren’t always life-threatening, they can be much more aggressive in Black people than in other races. Therefore, it is vital that the Black population know their risk and follow up with their health care providers for early detection and screening, plus treatment if needed. Black Health Matters is helping to spread awareness of the disparities that Black people face, increasing education, screenings, and treatment options available for all.

The post Prostate Cancer’s Impact On African Americans appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Types of Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety disorders affect more people than most know. In fact, someone you know could live with one and you may not realize it. The reason for this is that there are many types of anxiety disorders and each presents with different symptoms. Let’s look at some of the more common types of anxiety disorders.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

According to the National Institute of Mental Health, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a treatable condition that typically starts around age 30 but may occur in adults of any age and sometimes even in children and adolescents. The most common symptoms are excessive worry about everyday things and trouble controlling those worries. Most people with anxiety disorders like GAD are aware that they worry too much, which often makes symptoms worse.

Separation Anxiety Disorder

Separation anxiety is common in young children, but it typically resolves by about age three. If signs of anxiety persist or there are signs of more intense fear, there may be an underlying separation anxiety disorder. If not treated early, these disorders can continue throughout childhood and affect education, and relationships with others, and even cause physical symptoms. Most adults with separation anxiety disorders saw symptoms begin in early childhood.

Social Anxiety Disorder

Many brush off social anxiety disorder as “shyness” or a “lack of self-confidence” in public. However, there is much more to this anxiety disorder, previously called social phobia, often causing symptoms that affect every aspect of a person’s life and even the choices they make while living it. For example, they may attempt to avoid public places, choosing instead to stay home. If they need to interact, people with anxiety disorders may experience everything from sweating to a rapid heartbeat just at the thought of it. When not interacting, intense fear of future interactions may lead to panic attacks or a co-existing panic disorder.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

Following traumatic events, many experience a range of emotions, from guilt to anger. One response is intense anxiety. Anxiety is closely associated with PTSD, and is often treated similarly, even though PTSD is no longer considered strictly an anxiety disorder. It’s important to note that post traumatic stress disorder can affect anyone, not only those in the military. The American Psychiatric Association lists several other examples of traumatic events, such as sexual assault, natural disasters, bullying, and intimate partner violence.

Specific Phobias

Generalized anxiety disorder encompasses excessive worry about daily life. However, many people suffer from a specific phobia. The classic symptoms could be the same and many are severe enough to trigger panic attacks, depending on the type of phobia encountered. There are many types of phobias, from animal phobias like the fear of dogs or spiders to environmental phobias like the fear of heights or germs. Each phobia can occur on a spectrum, from mild to debilitating.

Mental health discussions are important and begin with us. Speaking up about conditions like anxiety and others can change so much. These discussions can (and should) be for every age.

Other Anxiety Disorders

There are many anxiety disorders, so it’s difficult to list them all. However, you should know several others that, although complex, are still common.

• Panic Disorder: Panic attacks cause a range of symptoms that may even mimic a heart attack. The intense fear associated with prolonged or sudden, overwhelming anxiety can trigger these attacks. The disorder can become debilitating if not easily managed.
• Agoraphobia: As a panic disorder and one of the many complex specific phobias, agoraphobia is the fear of being in a space where you cannot easily escape should you need to. This could be because of a small space such as inside an airplane, or because of large crowds that are difficult to navigate.
• Selective Mutism: This is a type of social anxiety disorder in which those who have normal language skills around those they know well don’t speak in public, including at school, work, or other common locations.

Anxiety Symptoms

While you may easily notice the signs of someone experiencing a severe panic attack, it’s not so simple to see the more subtle symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder in someone who has learned how to manage it well. Still, there are some common symptoms of anxiety that you may experience or see in others.

Physical Symptoms:

• Cold/sweaty hands
• Numb/tingling hands or feet
• Dry mouth
• Nausea
• Rapid heartbeat
• Shortness of breath
• Muscle tension

Mental and Behavioral Symptoms:

• Panic or fear
• Nightmares
• Flashbacks
• Obsessive thoughts
• Restlessness
• Ritualistic behaviors
• Trouble sleeping

Risk Factors for Anxiety Disorders

Just as with any other physical or mental health condition, anxiety disorders come with risk factors. Some people are more susceptible to them for a variety of reasons. Remember, being at risk for an anxiety disorder does not guarantee that you will develop one. It simply means that you have a higher chance of experiencing anxiety related to a disorder. You should be aware of your symptoms and seek the help of a mental health professional if needed.

General Risk Factors

Most people have at least one or two, if not more, of the risk factors for anxiety below. They will also experience anxiety from time to time. More risk factors and more intense fear that affect your daily life increase the probability of an anxiety disorder that can and should be treated.

Do any of the below risk factors apply to you? If so, how many? Do they have a significant impact on how you life your life? Do you feel anxious or even intense fear over them?

• Stress (especially chronic, excessive tension)
• Personality traits (introversion vs. extroversion, etc.)
• History of traumatic events
• Gender (females are more susceptible to anxiety than males, gender dysphoria)
• Chronic physical illness
• Hormonal or other imbalances
• Major life events (may cause temporary or lifelong anxiety)
• Medication side effects

Race Specific Risks

African Americans and other POC may face additional risk factors for mental disorders like anxiety, panic attacks, depression, and more. The risks listed below make them more susceptible to many types of anxiety disorders, although they are less likely to report symptoms of them.

• Racism: Whether institutional, interpersonal, internalized, or structural, racism makes life more difficult and anxiety is not only common but to be expected. African Americans encounter some of the strongest racial opposition in the United States, making it a powerful risk factor.
• Inhibited Temperament: Defined as social withdrawal or avoidance, this temperament is often seen early in childhood and continues throughout life. A study conducted by Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience found that this trait may lead to increased susceptibility to behavioral and mental health conditions like anxiety disorders.
• Certain Medical Conditions: Some physical health conditions have anxiety symptoms that may lead to a co-existing mental health problem. Unfortunately, African Americans are more susceptible to many of them, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Because Black people are at higher risk for these conditions, they are therefore at higher risk of anxiety.
• Genetic Factors: The RBFOX1 gene variant is closely linked to many psychiatric disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder. This gene mutation is not the only indicator for anxiety and some with the gene may not develop anxiety at all. However, the gene makes family members who share the RBFOX1 gene more susceptible.
• Early Environment: Children who grow up in a home with at least one anxious parent are more likely to develop anxiety as they get older. Their early home environment is only one factor. Being bullied at school, unstable living arrangements among family members and other environmental factors may also play a role.

Anxiety in African Americans

Mental illness looks different for Black people in the United States, from how many experience it, their symptoms, and even seeking treatment. Understanding these disparities is the first step in resolving not only the prevalence of anxiety disorders among African Americans but also how those with these and other mental disorders are treated.

Statistics

According to a study conducted by the Department of Psychology at Boston University and the Department of Psychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital, there are disparities among races and various anxiety disorders. For example, White people are more likely to suffer from generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, and separation anxiety disorder. However, Black people show fewer symptoms of chronic anxiety disorders and are more likely to suffer from PTSD. This may be explained by the additional risks to their mental health. It’s important to note that no matter what anxiety disorder a person faces, there is a strong anxiety and depression association, increasing the risk for additional mental health concerns.

Treatments

The National Alliance on Mental Illness, or NAMI, is one of the largest advocates for mental health in the United States. They recommend psychotherapy with a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) focus as one of the best treatment options for anxiety. Many find medications helpful as well, but they should be managed closely by an experienced mental health provider. Other ways to help manage stress are regular exercise, yoga, meditation, and overall self-awareness.

Black Americans may struggle to find the appropriate way to treat anxiety disorders, especially when there is already a shortage of mental health providers. Finding one close by who is also culturally aware and able to support your specific needs can be challenging. However, it’s important to remember that the search is worth the reward and, while it’s not possible to cure anxiety disorders, finding the right support system through an experienced and compassionate psychotherapist and community network can improve your symptoms and help improve your daily life significantly.

Resources

The Anxiety and Depression Association of America lists many helpful resources specific to African Americans facing mental disorders, from choosing a therapist to finding support groups. The organization even encourages people of all races to share their mental health story so that others may benefit, often realizing that they are not alone in their struggle.

African Americans and Anxiety Disorders

Whether you have a specific phobia, social anxiety affecting your job performance, or generalized anxiety disorder caused by physical health conditions, you don’t need to suffer alone. From psychotherapy to anti-anxiety medications, exposure therapy to coping strategies, there are things you can do to relieve symptoms. Black Health Matters works to help raise awareness of anxiety within the Black community so that more are willing to engage with providers about their symptoms and live happier, longer, and more fulfilling lives.

The post Anxiety: What It Is And How It Affects The Black Community appeared first on Black Health Matters.

The Parkinson’s Foundation highlights seven key facts about PD:

• More people are being diagnosed with Parkinson’s.
  As our population ages, the rate of people being diagnosed with PD will continue to rise. Every year, 90,000 people in the U.S. are diagnosed with PD. The number of people living with PD is expected to rise to 1.2 million by 2030. Because Black people with PD have been historically excluded from and have had little access to PD research opportunities, there is no current estimate of how many Black people are living with PD in the U.S.
• There are 10 early signs of Parkinson’s.
  A tremor while at rest is a common early sign of PD. Less commonly known early signs can include loss of smell, trouble sleeping, and constipation. When you or a loved one experiences an early sign of PD, speak to your primary care physician and discuss seeing a specialist. View all early signs now.
• Black people with Parkinson’s are often diagnosed at a later disease stage than white people.
  Research shows that Black people with PD are diagnosed at a later disease stage than white people and are less likely to be diagnosed compared to other racial and ethnic groups. This may be due to Black patients being negatively affected by health disparities, not having reasonable access to specialized care, and other health and economic barriers that interfere with care access. Although these factors can negatively influence one’s health and quality of life, there are steps you can take to advocate for yourself to live a better life with PD today. When you notice an early sign of PD, speak to your doctor and ask for a referral to see a movement disorder specialist (a neurologist that specializes in movement disorders like PD).
• 50% of people with Parkinson’s will experience some form of depression.
  While movement symptoms such as a tremor and issues with balance are the most well-known, PD can include a wide range of non-movement symptoms including depression, anxiety and sleep disorders. It is important to address mental health when it comes to PD.
• Parkinson’s can be treated and managed.
  While there is no cure, there are medications and various treatments that help people with PD. Exercise helps maintain balance and mobility. Parkinson’s Foundation research shows that people with PD who start exercising earlier and a minimum of 2.5 hours a week, experience a slowed decline in quality of life compared to those who start later.
• People in the Black community are often less likely to see a PD specialist.
  Neurologists and movement disorders specialists have experience in treating PD at every stage. It is important to find a neurologist and care team you trust. Consider asking your spouse or family member to attend doctors’ appointments with you. They can assist you in communicating, taking notes and offering support as you built trust with your PD doctor. Learn more about how to build your care team.
• Diversity in Parkinson’s research can help speed up new treatments and help find a cure.
  Research is vital to helping us better understand PD and will one day lead to a cure.
  Diversity in research is essential to setting the foundation to find new treatments. Studying health disparities, conducting more targeted and inclusive research, and more accurately diagnosing PD in the Black community will help us learn more.The Parkinson’s Foundation study PD GENEration: Mapping the Future of Parkinson’s Disease is dedicated to figuring out how gene changes cause PD in different people. This study is bringing a new level of inclusiveness and depth to PD genetic research, which can lead to greater insights.

Resources That Work for You
The Parkinson’s Foundation is here for everyone living with and caring for someone with PD. Utilize their resources, such as the Newly Diagnosed kit and local events that help people with PD and care partners. Get empowered through the Foundation’s free PD Library — an extensive collection of educational tools. For more information visit Parkinson.org.

The Parkinson’s Foundation is here to help. Contact the Helpline at 1-800-4PD-INFO (1-800-473-4636) or Helpline@Parkinson.org for answers to your PD questions, referrals, and personalized resources.

The post 7 Facts About Parkinson’s Disease Everyone Should Know appeared first on Black Health Matters.

The Statistics

A 2018 study published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology found that nearly 10% of women seen at Kaiser Permanente Washington in 2014 were diagnosed with uterine fibroids. Women age 50-54 had higher risk with nearly 16% diagnosed. However, Black women were most susceptible with over 18% of the diagnoses among all ethnic groups.

It’s important to note that many cases are asymptomatic and go undiagnosed. Researchers estimate that up to 80% could develop fibroids by age 50 and African Americans are up to three times more likely to develop them than White people. In addition, they are seven times more likely to require surgery to treat them.

What Are Uterine Fibroids?

Fibroids grow in various locations on, in, or around the uterus. This includes the wall of the uterus, the uterine lining, near the fallopian tubes, or nearby internal organs. Some locations are more common than others.

Types of Fibroids:

• Intramural fibroids develop inside the muscular wall of the uterus and are often the most difficult to treat.
• Submucosal fibroids grow in the uterine cavity.
• Subserosal fibroids develop close to the muscular wall on the outside of the uterus.
• Pedunculated fibroids develop on the outside of the uterus but not as closely as the subserosal fibroids. They connect with a stem and sit farther away. This is the least common type of uterine fibroid.

Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids

Fibroids are quite common, but most women aren’t aware they have them. Those with symptoms could experience a wide range of things depending on how many there are, where they are located, and their size. While very heavy bleeding and pelvic pain are the most common signs of fibroids, every person’s experience will be unique, which is why personalized attention from a knowledgeable provider is essential.

Possible Signs of Uterine Fibroids:

• Pelvic pain
• Painful periods
• Pain during sex
• Heavy menstrual bleeding
• Long menstrual cycle
• Frequent urination
• Inability to urinate or empty your bladder
• Constipation
• Low back pain
• Leg pains

Possible Complications

With very heavy menstrual bleeding or bleeding between periods comes the risk for anemia, a condition in which your body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Symptoms of anemia include lethargy, dizziness, and shortness of breath. Close management by a physician is necessary if fibroids cause anemia to become life-threatening.

Some fibroids may twist at the stem and cause severe pain and symptoms that mimic illness. They may also grow quickly, requiring surgical intervention if medication does not slow their growth. If fibroid tumors begin to break down, the body may react with fever or nausea. Treating the fibroids can often resolve infertility, which is one of the more common complications of uterine fibroids.

Fibroids Causes and Risk Factors

It’s still unknown what causes uterine fibroids, but research suggests that there are several risk factors for them. One of the biggest risk factors is hormones. Those who take hormones or who have natural hormone imbalances seem to be at higher risk of developing fibroids. This is only one of many contributors, however, and those at risk of developing fibroids should discuss their concerns with their healthcare provider.

Risk Factors for Uterine Fibroids:

• Age
• Black women
• Weight
• Family history of fibroids
• High blood pressure
• Food additive consumption
• Diet high in red meat
• Vitamin D deficiency
• Never being pregnant
• Chronic stress
• Major stress events

Diagnosing Fibroids

Because many uterine fibroids are first detected through a routine pelvic exam, it may be difficult to detect them in very heavy women. However, if your provider suspects them or notices changes in the size or shape of your uterus, they may order additional diagnostic tests to determine their presence, size, and location.

Diagnostic Tests for Uterine Fibroids:

• Ultrasound: An ultrasound probe uses sound waves to view internal organs. Your provider may order a sonohysterography test in which they inject saline into the uterus during an ultrasound so that it is easier to see the uterine cavity.
• MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging, or MRI, can be much more effective at visualizing uterine fibroids once they’ve been detected with ultrasound.
• Hysteroscopy: A lighted scope is used to view this inside of the uterus. This is a minimally invasive procedure done in the clinic.
• Endometrial Biopsy: While nearly all fibroids are benign (non-cancerous), your provider may suggest a biopsy to confirm it with a diagnostic fibroid biopsy.

Treatment Options for Uterine Fibroids

There are many treatments available for uterine fibroids, including things you can do at home to complement your doctor’s care, making it more effective, to medications and even surgery to help manage your symptoms depending on severity. Because there are so many options, it’s important to discuss them with your health care provider so you can make the most informed and best choice for your care.

Best Home Care

Many home remedies are simple and you may already do them, such as a heating pad and over-the-counter pain relievers. However, there is more you can do to help manage your pain without or in addition to the help of your medical provider.

Diet

A mostly vegetarian diet may help those with uterine fibroids, although cold-water fish like salmon and tuna that are high in omega-3 fatty acids are beneficial. You may choose to supplement your diet with fish oil. Many women with fibroids find that avoiding high-calorie foods can help reduce symptoms as well, instead choosing green vegetables, apples, and citrus fruits that all contain high levels of flavonoids. You may decide to work with a dietician or nutritionist if you are overweight, as weight management is a large part of managing symptomatic uterine fibroids.

Stress

There are many ways stress levels affect the female reproductive system and this is especially true for those with fibroids. One study by the Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health at the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill found that significant and stressful life events seemed to be a contributing factor in the presence and growth of uterine fibroids. To help control stress, you may choose to work with a therapist, get regular massage, exercise regularly, or meditate. Certain types of yoga can both manage stress and offer exercise benefits to help manage weight loss.

Available Medications

Taking over-the-counter pain relievers may help reduce the pain and control heavy bleeding because they also act as anti-inflammatories. However, they won’t treat fibroids long term because they don’t shrink them. Birth control pills or an intrauterine device (IUD) may work the same way. However, medications that regulate hormones could help shrink fibroids over time so long as you continue taking the medication. Your physician may recommend medication as one of the first treatment options.

Non- or Minimally Invasive Procedures

Some procedures are minimally invasive, or not invasive at all, and would be the next step in treating fibroids. These procedures are often very effective at treating fibroids that haven’t responded as well to medication alone or your doctor feels your fibroids need more aggressive therapy to control your symptoms.

• Forced Ultrasound Surgery: A specialized MRI machine targets high-energy, high frequency sound waves at each fibroid to destroy them.
• Myolysis or Cryomyolysis: These procedures use either extreme heat or cold as water, electric current, laser, or other form to destroy the uterine lining.
• Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE): A plastic or gel material is placed into the fibroid blood vessels, cutting off blood supply and causing them to shrink.

Surgery to Treat Fibroids

It may be necessary to remove fibroids surgically through myomectomy. If uterine fibroids return frequently or no other treatments have been successful at managing symptoms, the last treatment option is usually a hysterectomy to remove the uterus completely. This is a permanent solution and many healthcare providers will exhaust all other treatments or consider it only for those nearing menopause.

Questions to Ask Your Provider

The US Department of Health and Human Services Office on Women’s Health answers many questions that women may have about uterine fibroids, especially for those recently diagnosed. They also provide a list of questions to ask your provider that can help you better understand the condition and how it affects you, such as how many fibroids you have and what size they are.

Other questions you may want to ask are:

• Where are the fibroids located?
• Will they grow larger and how will you know if they do?
• What potential problems could they cause?
• Are there any future tests needed to monitor the fibroids?
• Do the fibroids require treatment immediately?
• What treatment options do you suggest?

If you feel uncomfortable with your doctor’s answers or wish to verify the results or suggested treatment, be sure to schedule a second opinion with another provider. This is another way you can take control of your health.

The Final Word On Fibroids

Although not all fibroids cause symptoms, some women may only experience inconvenient, heavy bleeding while others require extensive treatment like surgical intervention. Those of reproductive age are at a higher risk of developing fibroids. Black women are even more susceptible. Black Health Matters is working to spread awareness of conditions affecting the Black community by sharing information and solutions. However, all women should know their risk of uterine fibroids and discuss the possibility and treatment options with their provider.

The post Empowering Women: Understanding Fibroids and Taking Control of Your Health appeared first on Black Health Matters.

What is Food Insecurity?

First, we should define food insecurity. The definitions are relatively simple, but the concepts have profound effects on various populations throughout the country. These definitions are provided by the US Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service.

• Low food security is the “reduced quality, variety, or desirability of diet.” There may be “little or no indication of reduced food intake.” This used to be called “food insecurity without hunger.”
• Very low food security is “multiple indications of disrupted eating patterns and reduced food intake.” This used to be called “food insecurity with hunger.”

The Committee on National Statistics recommended the changes to these definitions to better represent the problems many Americans face every day. The committee also helps to oversee the methods used to measure food insecurity. Studies typically consider economic and social factors on nutrition, as well as other factors determined by nutritionists, statisticians, and others who may offer valuable insight.

What Factors Affect Food Insecurity?

The US Department of Health and Human Services promotes Healthy People 2030. This initiative has several objectives, all designed to call attention to issues with the highest public health burden. One of those objectives is food insecurity. They have determined several factors affecting food insecurity and aim to reduce their impact on those most affected by them.

Income

Income affects food insecurity in several key ways, from the inability to afford groceries to lack of access in addition to the stress placed on breadwinners to provide for their families with fewer resources. Let’s take a closer look.

Low-income neighborhoods may not have as many grocery stores that are regularly stocked with fresh produce or larger retail outlets offering a wider variety of affordable food options. With fewer food stores to shop from, prices at such stores are typically higher. They can also force residents to shop at discount retailers that don’t specialize in food sales or convenience stores with higher food prices. Some food support programs like WIC (the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children) only cover specific types or brands of foods. If these are not available, substitutions are rarely allowed.

Transportation also becomes a factor for those with low income. Many families without access to personal transportation rely on public transit, even to get their groceries. This limits the amount of food they can purchase at any one time and also the types of food, as transporting food long distances can take time. Cold foods can easily spoil or melt, especially in warm weather, on a crowded bus. Children may not have fresh milk and other foods recommended for healthy growth and development, both physical and mental.

With lower income comes the stress of stretching the dollar, including paying the bills and feeding the family. Added stress can affect your mental health and mental health struggles can make it harder to manage your money, creating a spiral from which many have a hard time breaking free.

Employment

Employment is a direct reflection of income and therefore has a significant impact on food insecurity. Low-income neighborhoods rarely have enough job opportunities to support the number of working-age residents in the area. The job opportunities that are available rarely pay a livable wage, sometimes requiring multiple members of the same household to work several jobs in order to support everyone in the family. With long hours in jobs that may be hazardous to one’s health, workers feel the effects both short- and long-term, increasing their risk factors for various health conditions.

For example, during the Covid-19 pandemic, many low-wage workers faced some of the most dangerous conditions, frequently working as cashiers, cooks, laborers, or in various healthcare positions. Many of those who lost their jobs worked in such low-wage positions and faced job and food insecurity as a result.

Residents in low-income neighborhoods must travel well outside of their immediate area for work, especially for higher-paying positions, adding to the time spent away from home to earn income. Families affected by food insecurity must spend money on public transportation or ride-sharing, instead of food.

Disability

The CDC is responsible for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted each year. An analysis of the surveys over a span of six years revealed that women with a disability were more likely to report that they’ve also experienced food insecurity at some point prior or concurrent to their disability. Those that reported disability, as well as a poor diet and low or very low food security, were more likely to receive some type of food assistance.

The connection between food insecurity and disability is not new. However, the extent of the problem and what can be done to correct it are still being evaluated by the CDC and other agencies. This is another objective of Healthy People 2030 and will most likely continue to be a primary goal in the next iteration of the program in 2040 and beyond.

Who is Most Likely to Be Affected?

The disparities in income, employment, and disability disproportionately affect some people with low food security. As recently as 2020, the percentage of US households experiencing low or very low food security was just over 10 percent. While this is a staggering number of people affected by hunger, 17.2% of Hispanic households experience hunger and the number of Black households is over twice the national average at 21.7 percent.

What Are the Medical Consequences of Food Insecurity?

Hunger and food insecurity go beyond the stress of being unable to afford nutritious food. For children, physical and mental development can be affected. For adults, risk factors for chronic health conditions increase. Hunger affects the mental, emotional, and physical health of anyone experiencing food insecurity.

Children

The odds that a child under 36 months will experience fair or poor health because of food insecurity is 95% higher than in children living in homes reported without hunger. This is a startling statistic and one that must change if we are to give children the best odds at mental and physical health stability as they grow.

Young children may experience developmental delays when not receiving adequate food nutrition. Poorer cognitive function was reported for children in grades 1, 3, and 5 during a study conducted from 1999 to 2003 by the Economics of Education Review. A large part of poor performance in school may be traced to behavioral challenges caused by both lack of nutrition and a more stressful home environment. They may also be affected by the mental health of others in the home, most notably a child’s mother. Higher rates of depression and anxiety in parents have been proven to affect children of all ages, but most especially adolescents between the ages of 14 and 25.

Adults and Seniors

For adults, the risk factors of food insecurity on chronic health conditions are much more wide-ranging and no less profound. This is especially true if food insecurity began early in life as a child and continued for many years. For those populations most at risks, like African Americans, this causes the most health problems.

The conditions most likely to arise because of food insecurity include:

• Poor oral health
• Depression and anxiety
• Iron deficiency
• Poor maternal health
• Diabetes
• Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Obesity

What Are the Financial Costs of Food Insecurity?

Feeding America has calculated the additional healthcare costs associated with hunger. Through their own research and by compiling data from Medicaid/Medicare and other sources, they have been able to accurately map the annual costs at the county and state level and per adult. For example, the lowest increase in healthcare costs due to low food insecurity is in North Dakota with $57 million, but the highest is in California with just over $7 billion. This is a large disparity in cost increase and the size of the population alone is not enough to explain the difference.

Another study compiled data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation in two statistical models to determine the probability of medical debt. Nearly 20% of households carry some form of medical debt. Of those, around half had private insurance. The average amount of that medical debt was nearly $22,000. The highest risk factors for medical debt were having no health insurance, a private health insurance with a high deductible, or a disability. Carrying medical debt, especially high medical debt, was found to contribute to low food security, especially for those who are already at risk, such as the Black population and others who live in low-income areas.

Conclusion

While anyone in the US can be affected by food insecurity, some populations are more at risk than others. African Americans struggle more than most and Black Health Matters helps to raise awareness by sharing the disproportionate effects that many face every day. If you experience hunger and food insecurity, know that there is access to food resources and education about support systems near you. Reach out to healthcare providers, case workers, and other social supports to learn more about what services are available in your area.

The post From Hospital Bills to Hunger Pains: The Costly Toll of Medical Care on Food Security appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Types of Oral Cancers

As with most conditions, there are several types of mouth cancer. It may be in a specific place initially, and possibly spread to other locations within the mouth, to the lymph nodes, and throughout the body. Much like breast cancer and other forms, the risk of spreading is abundant and should be monitored.

Most oral cancers are squamous cells that line the tissues of the mouth. Other common types of mouth cancer include lymphoma, which typically affects the lymph nodes and the tonsils, while minor salivary gland carcinomas affect the salivary glands of the mouth and throat.

Common locations for oral cancers include:

• Lip Cancer: This is the most common type of mouth cancer and typically has a positive prognosis when caught early.
• Gum Cancer: Typically linked to chewing tobacco and alcohol use, this cancer can quickly spread to the jaw.
• Tongue Cancer: When in the front two-thirds of the tongue, it can quickly spread to the lymph nodes.
• Doctors classify cancer at the back of the tongue, tonsils, and back of the mouth as throat cancer.

Determining Severity

Cancer Research UK breaks down the stages and grades of oral cancers. Determining the severity of the cancer is an essential first step for diagnosis before treatment can begin. It helps to ensure that treatment is as effective as possible.

Oral Cancer Staging

Doctors can use two methods for determining the stage of your oral cancer. The first is clinical staging, using results from tests and scans. They typically perform pathological staging if you will have surgery to remove the cancer and they will send part of the removed tissue to the lab for testing. It is more precise and can help determine the type of cancer as well as the cancer’s location if it has spread.

There are two ways to stage mouth cancer:

• TNM: Your doctor will consider the size and depth of the tumor, whether it has spread to the lymph nodes, and whether it has spread to another part of the body.
• Number Stages: Your doctor will assign a number zero (pre-cancer) through 4 A, B, or C based on how invasive the cancer has become.

Mouth Cancer Grades

Oral cancer grading differs from staging. This step involves the appearance of cancer cells, from looking like typical, healthy cells to abnormal cells well differentiated from the healthy cells around the tumor. Your doctor will assess them and assign a grade 1, 2 or 3. A “Gx” grade means it can’t be determined.

Oral Cancer Risk Factors

There are many lifestyle choices, health conditions, and other variables that may increase your chances of developing oral cancer. Remember that you have some control over several factors, like smoking cigarettes, that could improve your health and risk, while not others.

• Nicotine Products: The most common cause of mouth cancer is tobacco use, especially smoking or chewing tobacco. While those who use nicotine themselves are at highest risk, even secondhand exposure can lead to cancer.
• Alcohol Use: Drinking alcohol is one of the top risk factors for mouth cancer and heavy drinkers or those who drink and use nicotine products are most susceptible.
• Human papillomavirus (HPV): Not all types of HPV cause cancer, but some are high risk. For example, HPV16 causes approximately 70% of all cases of oral cancers.
• Gender: Oral cancer is twice as common in men than women. Researchers believe smoking causes the higher rates of oral cancer in men.
• Age: Most cases of mouth cancer occur in those over the age of 50 unless caused by an HPV-related infection. This is because it takes time for cells to mutate and develop.
• Weight: Based on statistical research, weight has some effect on your likelihood of developing oral cancer.
• Diet: People who eat a diet low in vegetables and fruits seem to be at a much higher risk. Eating a well-balanced diet may help improve risk factors for many health conditions like diabetes.
• UV Light: Sunlight contributes to skin cancer and may also affect rates of lip cancer, a form of mouth cancer.
• Co-Existing Health Conditions: Those who have Fanconi anemia or Dyskeratosis congenita are also at higher risk of developing oral cancer because of their predisposition to blood diseases.

Possible Treatment Options

Your primary care physician will refer you to a specialist who will evaluate your condition and recommend the best treatment plan. It could include surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy, depending on the type, location and severity of the cancer. You will probably work with a team of providers, including one or more of those listed here.

• Otolaryngologist
• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon
• Radiation Oncologist
• Medical Oncologist
• Plastic Surgeon

Detecting Oral Cancer Early

An early diagnosis is important for improving survival rates. Healthcare professionals can easily spot signs of mouth cancer by looking for lesions within the oral cavity, feeling for enlarged lymph nodes, asking about family history, and referring a patient to a specialist for any suspect symptoms.

Symptoms of oral cancer may include:

• Changes in the skin
• Lumps
• Numbness
• Pain or tenderness
• Change in bite
• Problems swallowing
• Difficulty chewing
• Hoarseness
• Feeling like something is caught in the throat
• Sore throat
• Ringing in the ears or ear pain

Mouth Cancer in African Americans

There are many barriers for Black men and women with mouth cancer, from biological differences affecting successful treatment to the number of people who use nicotine products to access to health care resources ensuring early detection and proper cancer treatment.

Genetic Differences

Two recent studies have shown that a Black person with oral cancer will likely respond differently to treatment. The first, published in 2021 in JCO Oncology Practice, showed that African Americans have fewer immune cells within oral cancer tumors and they don’t respond as effectively to the same treatments as Caucasian patients. Tumors may also show more instances of mutations. The second, published in 2022 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, reviewed the treatment outcomes of both the Black population and white people enrolled in clinical trials. In clinical trials, all patients receive the same cancer treatment, so socioeconomic factors are minimized. The results showed that biological factors still play a large role in survival rates.

Lifestyle Choices

The Oral Cancer Foundation reports that those living below the poverty line are more likely to smoke than those that don’t. Given that many African Americans live in poorer neighborhoods and are more likely to suffer from un- or underemployment, this puts them at higher risk of smoking, using chewing tobacco, or using other forms of nicotine-based products. Some states within the US also have higher rates of smoking than others. The states with the highest rates of smokers are Nevada, Kentucky, and Ohio, while those with the lowest rates are Utah, Hawaii, and California. Compared to others, Blacks or multiracial people self-identifying as African American are more likely to smoke than Caucasians or Hispanics.

Related Conditions

There are more than 100 types of human papillomavirus (HPV). While not all of them cause cancer, some strains are more common within the Black community may explain why mouth cancer is so much more prevalent. Some types of HPV infections were more common in Caucasians, like types 16 and 51, while others were more common in Blacks. Type 35 is one of the highest risk factors for mouth cancer.

Access to Resources

Why is access to resources so important? Researchers have well documented that early detection is less likely with minimal access to resources, such as adequate health insurance and local medical providers. Studies show that if cases are discovered early, the 5-year survival rate can reach 85%, but only 28% of all cases are found early. However, more than half of all oral cancers are diagnosed after having spread to local tissues such as the lymph nodes. The survival rate at this point drops to 68%. If the cancer has spread further, it drops to just 40%.

According to the Kaiser Family Foundation, Black people are less likely to have health insurance because of a financial barrier. They are also more likely to live below the poverty line but not qualify for state financial aid or not be able to utilize those resources if they do because of lack of transportation. Food insecurity may lead families to focus more on day-to-day needs and not long-term care like their health. This reduces the chance they will receive a routine dental exam with an accompanied oral cancer exam.

It’s also clear that Blacks do not receive the same level of care that white Americans do. Brigham and Women’s Hospital recently found that race, among other factors, played a role in whether a dentist even screened for mouth cancer during a routine dental exam. Dentists may also not provide education about the risk factors and the steps they can take to help prevent oral cancer, especially smoking and human papillomavirus.

Oral Cancer Awareness Month: Recognizing Black Americans

The first step in improving oral health and bettering the survival rates of mouth cancer, especially for Black Americans, is to acknowledge the problem. The American Cancer Society reports that cancer rates for Black people have decreased since the 1990s and this is a trend we wish to see continue. Black Health Matters will do our part by raising awareness of the effects of mouth cancer on the African American population.

The post A Hidden Danger: What You Should Know About Oral Cancer appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Exposure to UV rays can be damaging to anyone and not lupus patients exclusively. If you have lupus you are more sensitive to the inflammation that occurs as a result of this exposure.³ Common symptoms related to photosensitivity include skin numbness, joint pain, fatigue, fever, and skin rashes.² It may also make existing skin issues worse.³ Black patients may also notice that the rashes occur more prominently on the ears and scalp, and they can be damaging to the skin.

Medications may also play a role in contributing to photosensitivity.¹ Some lupus drugs may make photosensitivity worse, and others may be protective against it.^1,3 Consult with your healthcare provider if you have concerns regarding your lupus medications and photosensitivity risk.

Have you been diagnosed with moderate to severe lupus for at least 6 months and are you currently taking medication for your lupus? If so, you may be eligible to participate in a clinical trial at no charge to you for an investigational drug that could help your condition. Click here to learn more.

Protect Yourself

Protecting yourself from harmful UV exposure indoors and outdoors should be a priority when it comes to managing lupus. If you have lupus, there are proactive steps you can take to protect yourself and prevent flares.

Avoid Unnecessary Exposure

If you have to participate in an outdoor activity or be outdoors for an extended period of time try to plan ahead if possible. Scheduling to be outdoors in the early morning or late afternoon may limit your UV exposure.⁴ Sunlight exposure may be highest during the hours of 10 am-4 pm.³ Even if the sun is not visible or it appears to be cloudy or cooler out, you may still be exposed to UV rays so use caution.⁴ It is also important to remember that sitting in shaded areas may not provide 100% protection since UV rays can reflect off of other outdoor surfaces.³

You can limit exposure to indoor UV light by choosing low-intensity light bulbs such as LED bulbs, covering fluorescent or halogen bulbs with shields or filters, using shades to cover windows, and turning off lights you are not using.^1,3 If you frequent the nail salon, request services that do not require the use of UV drying lamps such as dip powder.³ Consider tinting your car windows and driving with the windows up to protect yourself on the road.³

Wear Protective Clothing

Follow these tips regarding sun-protective clothing.⁵

• Choose clothing that is tightly woven.
• Choose darker colors or bright colors rather than light colors
• Wear hats with a brim all the way around.
• Look for clothing that has an ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) of at least 30.
• Consider full coverage and full-length options when choosing skirts, pants, shirts, and swimwear.
• Wear sunglasses with a UVA/UVB rating of 100%.

Choose the Right Sunscreen

There is a misconception that people with darker skin tones don’t need to wear sunscreen, but this couldn’t be further from the truth. Dermatologists recommend that everyone should wear sunscreen every day on skin that is not covered by your clothing, even if you do not go outside. You should use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 60 for adequate protection.⁴

Photosensitivity is common among patients with lupus, but there are steps you can take to protect yourself. Making a few adjustments and preparing ahead are key to protecting yourself and preventing complications related to sun sensitivity.

– – –

References

1. Lupus Foundation of UV exposure: What you need to know
2. Lupus
3. Lupus Foundation of Tips for managing sensitivity to light
4. Lupus Foundation of Lupus and the Skin
5. Lupus Foundation of 10 Wearable Ways to Protect Yourself Outdoors

The post Lupus and Sun Sensitivity: Protect Yourself appeared first on Black Health Matters.

How many women die every day because of preventable childbirth or other pregnancy-related events or conditions? The CDC estimates around 800. This startling statistic is just one of the many reasons maternal health, both in the Black community and overall, is taken so seriously, with various related objectives from top agencies like the World Health Organization (WHO), the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA).

Let’s look at the most common issues that pregnant women face, the many risk factors for preventable complications, some sobering statistics, and what is being done on the national and global levels to improve maternal mortality rates.

Common Pregnancy Health Concerns

There are a few discomforts women can expect during their pregnancy. Women can avoid acidic foods to aid heartburn and eat more fiber to help treat constipation, especially early on, to easily treat some discomforts at home. Women often turn to family or friends for advice to help treat such things, finding unique ways to ease soreness or dry skin. Even expected symptoms of pregnancy can affect maternal health, however, and easing them can increase mood and help expectant mothers look forward to the birth of their child.

Other Symptoms You Might Experience:

• Cramps

• Feeling faint

• Hot flashes

• Incontinent

• Dry skin

• Back pain

• Headache

• Pelvic pain

• Stretch marks

• Tiredness

• Morning sickness

Risk Factors for Pregnancy-Related Complications

The Office of the Surgeon General published a “Call to Action” acknowledging the higher-than-average maternal mortality rates in the United States. In it, they call attention to the disparities within the Black population, suggest what should be done to reduce mortality rates for all mothers, and lay out a long-term plan with strategies to affect this and future generations.

But when do symptoms become risk factors and dangerous for both mothers and the child? Therefore, it’s critical to work closely with an OB/GYN or other health services throughout your pregnancy, so risk they can identify risk factors, monitored, and treated as early as possible.

High Blood Pressure

More women are at risk of high blood pressure (hypertension) prior to pregnancy, mainly due to increased obesity rates. Many women are waiting until later in life to start a family, also contributing to the probability they will begin their pregnancy with high blood pressure, develop it during, or experience a spike during delivery that may all lead to complications. High blood pressure during pregnancy is called preeclampsia.

Diabetes

If a woman did not previously have signs of diabetes but develops it during her pregnancy, they will diagnose her with gestational diabetes. Diabetes significantly increases the chance for complications and it closely related to preeclampsia. Managing maternal health in this condition is vital, as it can lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm birth, birth defects, and more.

Obesity

With higher rates of obesity, it is becoming a more common risk factor for maternal health in the United States especially. An unhealthy weight can contribute to other conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, and mental health that can contribute to other maternal health concerns, compounding the risk of pregnancy complications.

Illness and Infection

From Covid-19 to a common cold to more serious infections like chlamydia or HIV, illnesses and infections can affect maternal health and the health of the infant. A mother should work closely with a physician if they are diagnosed with an illness or infection prior to or while pregnant. Most times, there are ways to mitigate the risk to the baby before and after birth. However, many of these risks are preventable causes and can be reduced through education and other community resources, such as sexual and reproductive health.

Substance Use Disorders

A substance use disorder can describe everything from nicotine and alcohol to methamphetamine and cocaine. According to the Surgeon General’s report, 12% of the pregnant women polled reported using some type of nicotine product within the last month and 10% reported drinking alcohol. Another 5% reported drug use. Not only does substance use affect maternal health, but it increases health risk to the baby because of pregnancy complications.

Mental Health

Maternal health and mental health are closely linked. This can include pre-existing mood diseases, such as depression or anxiety, or postpartum depression which affects up to 20% of new mothers. In fact, over a ten-year period, they found that nearly 10% of all pregnancy-related deaths were because of a mental health condition. Only by addressing mental health stigma and offering more patient-centered care in the United States can we support maternal health as well.

Domestic Violence

In some states, especially in the south, domestic violence is the single most common cause of maternal deaths for the Black population. This violence often begins during pregnancy or soon after it. Intimate partner violence among Black Americans is one of several preventable causes of maternal and child deaths in the US, especially when addressed at a socioeconomic level.

More Maternal Health Statistics

The United Nations Population Fund offers insight into the global importance of maternal health and that women everywhere are susceptible to preventable causes of maternal mortality. Around the world, nearly 300,000 women died in 2017 alone, mostly due to:

• Severe bleeding

• Obstructed labor

• Sepsis

• Unsafe abortion

• Eclampsia

These deaths are significantly lower than those recorded in 2000, but are still unacceptable. Many of these deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa or Southern Asia, and global efforts are making an impact.

The Commonwealth Fund analyzed data from the WHO, National Center for Health Statistics, and other studies to get a better picture of who is at the highest risk. In the United States, mortality rates are getting worse year after year, starting in 2000, and worsening significantly since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic. The current maternal mortality rates are three times that of the country with the next highest death rate, New Zealand. The hardest hit are African Americans, who account for more than half of all maternal deaths.

A National and Global Response

Maternal health is a concern not only in the United States, where it affects the Black population and multiracial people disproportionately but the world over. What is being done to improve health outcomes?

US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)

Health and Human Services has formed a workgroup comprised of four US federal agencies working together to address maternal health as a national crisis and the disparity affecting the non-Hispanic Black population. The workgroup has focused not only on supporting women and infants directly but also by addressing other emerging health concerns that affect maternal death, such as drug use and sexually transmitted diseases.

American Public Health Association (APHA)

The American Public Health Association is focused on addressing preventable causes of maternal death. They do this by investing in sexual and reproductive health education, preventative health care for women, and more. Like other agencies, they have focused their efforts on the disproportionate affects of poor maternal health on Black Americans, partnering with the Center for Reproductive Rights for “Black Mamas Matter” and the World Federation of Public Health Associations for “Reducing Maternal Mortality as a Human Right.”

The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)

The focus of the United National Population Fund is sexual and reproductive health care, promoting basic health standards around the world, especially where maternal deaths are most common. Working in sub-Saharan Africa, Southern Asia, and other regions, the UNFPA supports programs that train providers in preventative care during pregnancy, emergency birth response, and critical care for newborns. These initiatives have improved health outcomes over the last two decades and more improvement is expected.

The World Health Organization (WHO)

The World Health Organization helps to support all members with their individual efforts to address maternal health, especially maternal deaths. They closely monitor the progress being made and how effective initiatives are at supporting those that are most vulnerable. This includes the United States, where the majority of those affected are Black people and deaths continue to increase.

Maternal Health: Disparity in Preventable Deaths

Yes, women experience common symptoms during pregnancy. Most will agree that these symptoms are well worth the discomfort once their child is born healthy. However, many women don’t have the same access to care or are at risk for miscarriage, preterm labor, cesarian birth, birth defects, other birth complications or even maternal death because of an increase in risk factors that could be preventable.

Maternal mortality rates have only worsened over the last two decades in the US and this trend will only change with more education about maternal health and better access to care for those disproportionately affected. Black Health Matters is helping to do just that by raising awareness, challenging the system, and bringing more resources to the Black population most vulnerable.

The post Understanding The Importance Of Maternal Health appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths of the uterus that often appear during childbearing years. Also called leiomyomas (lie-o-my-O-muhs) or myomas, uterine fibroids are not associated with an increased risk of uterine cancer and almost never develop into cancer. 

Fibroids range in size from small growths that can only be detected with ultrasound, to bulky masses that can distort and enlarge the uterus. You can have a single fibroid or multiple ones. In extreme cases, multiple fibroids can expand the uterus so much that it can be the size of a full term pregnancy. 

Many women will develop uterine fibroids over the course of their lifetime. In the U.S., an estimated 26 million between the ages of 15 and 50 have uterine fibroids. Many of these women are unaware they have uterine fibroids because they have no symptoms. Many of these women are unaware they have fibroids until they are found incidentally during a pelvic exam or prenatal ultrasound. 

However, more than half of women with fibroids will experience associated symptoms or health concerns, according to this study. Symptoms can be influenced by the location, size and number of fibroids, but even small fibroids can cause symptoms. 

The most common signs and symptoms of uterine fibroids include: 

● Heavy menstrual bleeding 

● Menstrual periods lasting more than a week 

● Pelvic pressure or pain 

● Frequent urination 

● Difficulty emptying the bladder 

● Constipation 

● Backache or leg pains 

Rarely, fibroids can cause acute pain when they outgrow their blood supply or start to break down. 

For reasons that are unknown, Black women are up to three times more likely than White women to have uterine fibroids, and they often present with larger and more numerous growths. Black women are also more likely to develop fibroids at a younger age. 

Black women are particularly more likely to have debilitating symptoms that significantly impact their quality of life in terms of work, relationships, and physical activities. This can lead them to feel helpless, scared, depressed, and alone. 

However, far too many Black women are suffering needlessly before seeking treatment for their fibroids. Research shows that Black women wait substantially longer than White women before seeking treatment—4.5 years compared with 3.3 years. 

The Black Women’s Health Imperative asserts that health care providers, particularly the gynecologists who treat most women with fibroids, play an important role in advising and guiding women as they decide on the best treatment for their fibroids. Extensive research shows that provider beliefs and biases about Black women are linked to racial disparities in health and health care. 

There’s no single best approach to uterine fibroid treatment—many treatment options exist. 

Removal of the uterus, or hysterectomy, is a popular option for women who are done having children. With the uterus gone, new fibroids can’t form. But there are also non-surgical treatments, including medicines that help control fibroid-related symptoms. 

Women who suffer from heavy bleeding due to uterine fibroids and are seeking contraception may consider clinical trials. The SERENE study is evaluating whether the drug relugolix combination therapy (Rel-CT) can prevent pregnancy when used in premenopausal women with uterine fibroids . Rel-CT has been FDA-approved to manage symptoms of heavy bleeding associated with uterine fibroids. 

If you are a woman with heavy bleeding due to uterine fibroids and seeking contraception, you could qualify to participate in the SERENE study. To find out more about this clinical trial, please follow this link. 

While there are many treatment options for uterine fibroids, there is no clear winner. That means you and your doctor can choose a treatment based on your preferences and reproductive plans along with other medical considerations. 

Sponsored by Myovant Sciences, GmbH 

The post Struggling With Fibroids? Learn About the Serene Study. appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Endometriosis is a disease in which the endometrium—the tissue that lines the inside of the uterus or womb—is present outside of the uterus. Endometriosis most commonly occurs in the lower abdomen or pelvis, but it can appear anywhere in the body.

Symptoms of endometriosis include lower abdominal pain, pain with menstrual periods, pain with sexual intercourse, and difficulty getting pregnant. On the other hand, some women with endometriosis may not have any symptoms at all.

Endometriosis is a common health problem for women. Researchers think that at least 11% of women, or more than 6.5 million women in the U.S., have endometriosis.

Endometriosis most commonly impacts women between the ages of 25 and 40. It can also happen to younger women during their teenage years. Although many will find relief from endometriosis symptoms after menopause, it can still cause discomfort and pain.

There’s no clearly understood cause for endometriosis, so at this point there is no known way to prevent it.

Diagnosing endometriosis is also complicated as not every person has every symptom, and the severity of the symptoms varies from person to person. The “gold standard” for diagnosis is surgery to look inside the abdomen and pelvis; it can not be officially diagnosed from a lab test or imaging. Women in the U.S., on average, will suffer from endometriosis for 10 years before receiving a proper diagnosis.

According to a recent study, Black women are 49% less likely to get an endometriosis diagnosis compared to White women. That’s largely because of health disparities that exist, says Jessica Shepherd, MD, an ob-gyn and women’s health expert.

“This can be due to the fact that black women are often overlooked when it comes to pain and pain management and are more likely to be misdiagnosed, often with providers thinking pain is due to something else,” said Dr. Shepherd.

The actress Tia Mowry wrote in a 2018 Women’s Health article that she didn’t know why she had been experiencing extreme pelvic pain until she saw a Black physician who immediately knew she had endometriosis. Others had told her not to worry about her symptoms.

When there has been an endometriosis diagnosis, treatment usually involves a combination of medication or surgery. Because endometriosis is usually a lifelong condition, patients will usually try surgery and several different medications over their lifetime. The approaches you and your doctor choose will depend on how severe your signs and symptoms are and your current and future plans for pregnancy.

Doctors typically recommend trying conservative treatment approaches first, opting for surgery if initial treatment fails. For many people, endometriosis needs to be continuously treated with medicine to control symptoms like pain. It’s important to maintain a regular appointment schedule with your healthcare provider so that you can work together on managing your condition long-term.

If you are a woman with moderate to severe pain associated with endometriosis and seeking contraception, you could be qualified to participate in the SERENE study. The SERENE study is evaluating whether the drug relugolix combination therapy (Rel-CT) can prevent pregnancy when used in premenopausal women with endometriosis. Relugolix-CT has been FDA-approved to manage symptoms of moderate to severe pain associated with endometriosis. To find out more about the SERENE study, please follow this link.

Sponsored by Myovant Sciences, GmbH

The post Suffering from Endometriosis? Learn About the Serene Study appeared first on Black Health Matters.

The History of National Minority Health Month

Raising awareness about minority health goes all the way back to 1915, when Booker T. Washington laid the foundation. National Negro Health Week (NNHW) focused on the poor living and working conditions that plagued mostly Black neighborhoods and employment opportunities.

From there, the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) launched Healthy People 2010. This was the third iteration of this initiative, following previous ones in 1990 and 2000, and focused on eliminating health disparities across all ethnic minority groups.

Not long after, the US Congress called for an awareness month to promote the efforts currently underway and encourage further action to reduce the health disparities affecting minorities, establishing National Minority Health Month in April 2002.

Why Do We Celebrate It?

The goal of National Minority Health Month is to help “promote and protect the health of diverse populations through research and communication of science that addresses health disparities.” But what does this mean?

Throughout April, the FDA and other federal, state, and local agencies increase collaboration on a shared initiative, addressing health disparities through awareness and education. To better understand their goals and how they achieve them, you should know a few key concepts.

• Health equity is the equal opportunity to be healthy. While some ethnic minorities are predisposed to health conditions simply because of their race, they should have the same access to insurance coverage, medical care, community resources, language access, and health literacy that any other race has access to.

• Health disparities are the disproportionate health outcomes of one group of people compared to another because of health inequity. The Kaiser Family Foundation found that three months into the Covid-19 pandemic, almost triple the number of African Americans were hospitalized compared to white people and over twice as many had died. There were many underlying health disparities, like lower socioeconomic status and higher risk of other chronic health conditions that were not well managed.

• Health literacy is the understanding of a person’s health or the ability to find the information needed. It also includes the ability to understand the information they find, regardless of language and education barriers. Learning about clinical trials is just one part of health literacy, especially if a clinical trial applies to how your health condition may help both you and future patients.

National Minority Health Month aims to raise awareness of better health for all racial and ethnic minorities by advancing health equity, reducing health disparities, and improving health literacy.

What is This Year’s Theme?

This year’s theme is “Better Health Through Better Understanding.” While the OMHHE supports many initiatives year-round, this theme allows them to share the importance of one in particular. The Enhance Equity Initiative focuses on addressing the underrepresentation of minorities in clinical trials.

Previous National Minority Health Month themes include:

• “Give Your Community a Boost!” to encourage Covid-19 vaccination (2022)

• “Active and Healthy” to emphasize staying physically active and enhancing emotional wellness (2020)

• “Partnering for Health Equity” to raise awareness about current efforts to address the disproportionate burden of various ethnic groups in health care, housing, employment, and more (2018)

• “Accelerating Health Equity for the Nation” to create a better understanding of health disparities and how they affect racial groups (2016)

• “30 Years of Advancing Health Equity” celebrated 30 years of the Heckler Report, which helped to prove the existence of racial inequalities in health care (2015)

Why is This Important?

ProPublica published an analysis of a recent clinical trial of a medication used to treat Multiple Myeloma, a devastating blood cancer. While approximately 20% of all Multiple Myeloma patients in the US are African American, only 13 of the 722 participants in the clinical trial were Black. This is less than 2% of all participants. Because ethnic minority populations, especially Black people, seem to have a genetic predisposition to this cancer, it often leads to more severe disease complications, and they react differently to many treatment options, being so grossly underrepresented in a clinical trial may affect whether this medication is as effective for them as it is for the non-Hispanic Caucasian participants.

However, this new initiative may help raise awareness of these problems, so clinical trials include ethnic minority groups in appropriate numbers and document these participants’ results accurately. Researchers can then work toward improving health outcomes for minority populations, reducing disparities in treatment outcomes. With better communication between the FDA, other research agencies, and health providers, more minority communities can benefit from current and future clinical trials.

Conditions Affecting the Black Community

National Minority Health Month 2023 helps to raise awareness of the benefits of clinical trials through the “Better Health Through Better Understanding” initiative. Those affected by certain conditions may benefit from joining a clinical trial to both test new treatments and play a role in approving effective ones that may benefit many more patients in the future. Some conditions affect African Americans more than others and are, therefore, most important to have an accurate representation of the Black community involved.

Cardiovascular Disease

Health education is vital to the prevention of most heart disease. Some clinical studies in the past have followed those without cardiovascular disease to see who would develop it and who wouldn’t be based on family history, lifestyle choices, and other factors. Learning what risk factors could be affected and to what degree has helped providers adjust treatment based on the health needs of their patients. Current and future clinical trials continue to research risk factors and treatment options, as it is the leading cause of death among all ages, genders, and races in the United States.

Stroke

Closely tied to heart disease is the risk of stroke, which can lead to premature death in Black Americans and other minorities. It is vital that Blacks are accurately represented in clinical trials studying stroke because they are 50% more likely to have one. Black women are at the highest risk. Compared to non-Hispanic White people, over 70% more Blacks will die from their stroke. To truly understand the underlying causes of these health disparities and what can be done to address them, African Americans should be made aware of these clinical trials and encouraged to take part.

Diabetes

Prevention is key, but with so many risk factors, Type 2 diabetes may be unavoidable for some Black Americans. Diabetes comes with the risk of many disease complications, some of them life-threatening. There are ongoing clinical trials to help reduce these risks and perhaps reverse the condition. Every trial is different and may require participants in different stages of the disease or with varying demographics. If you have been diagnosed with diabetes and are interested in new treatment options, be sure to discuss the possibility of a clinical trial with your healthcare provider.

Cancer

While cancer is a leading cause of death among all races, some forms are more prevalent among Blacks. These include breast, prostate, colorectal, and lung cancer. Through various studies over the last several decades, it’s been found that the increased risk for cancer can be linked to poor diet, especially common in low-income households; environmental pollution like smog and asbestos which are frequently seen in underprivileged neighborhoods; poor lifestyle choices like smoking that have much higher rates for Black men than for Caucasians; and family history. Clinical studies for cancer are likely specific to the type, so if you are diagnosed with cancer, discuss the possibility of participating in one with your oncologist or another specialist provider.

Sickle Cell Disease

Sickle cell anemia is most often seen in infants and is a medical emergency. There are some medications available to help control the sickling of red blood cells, decrease vascular blockages, control inflammation and pain, and reduce the chance of disease complications. However, some patients may need blood transfusions or bone marrow transplants to control the disease. There are ongoing clinical trials to help develop new treatment options to better manage or treat sickle cell disease that you or your child may qualify for.

HIV/AIDS

A study published by the American Journal of Public Health found that Black men who have sex with men are 14 times more likely than non-Hispanic Whites to test positive for HIV. The number of Blacks currently living with HIV compared to Whites is nearly double and these numbers are continuing to worsen. The average age of initial infection is declining, meaning many Black men are reaching adulthood with HIV. Another study proved that many clinical trials do not accurately address minority health or even gender, although doing so is vital to improving outcomes from new HIV/AIDS treatments for African Americans and all ethnic minorities.

Conclusion

National Minority Health Month helps to raise awareness of the disproportionate burden that Black Americans face every year because of inequities in our health care system. By addressing disparities through easier access to resources and better representation in clinical trials, we may resolve these inequities soon. Black Health Matters support National Minority Health Month by supporting the well-being of African Americans through education and awareness.

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Multiple Myeloma: Plasma Cell Cancer

Plasma is the fluid part of your blood, making up over half of its volume, that carries blood cells, platelets, water, salt, and other essential components throughout your body. Another vital component created by plasma is the antibodies that make up part of your immune system. It is created in the bone marrow, a spongy tissue inside your bones. “B cells” (B lymphocytes) and “T cells” (T lymphocytes and thymocytes) live in the bone marrow along with plasma. When activated by the immune system, these lymphocytes mature into plasma, giving the body the additional plasma it needs to fight infections.

Cancerous myeloma cells crowd the bone marrow, leaving no room for healthy blood cells and plasma-producing tissue. Myeloma cells produce harmful proteins that cause a long list of symptoms and complications. By the time it is diagnosed, this cancer has usually spread to several locations throughout the body, making it multiple myeloma.

Symptoms of Multiple Myeloma

While many of the signs of multiple myeloma are general and could indicate several health conditions, the most notable symptom is bone pain. This is most commonly felt in your spine or chest and can be persistent and, at times, debilitating. However, in the early stages, the disease may present very mild symptoms or none at all. In fact, routine blood work finds many cases without any complaints of symptoms or ones a patient assumes are because of a common illness like the flu. Still, you should know the symptoms of multiple myeloma that include:

• Fatigue/lethargy
• Brain fog or confusion
• Nausea
• Constipation
• Loss of appetite/weight loss
• Excessive thirst
• Numbness in your legs
• Frequent infections

As abnormal plasma cells grow in number, patients are likely to experience additional symptoms related to complications, like kidney problems. The body’s inability to attack germs leads to frequent infections, resulting in acute symptoms that should be treated as they arise.

Possible Complications

The symptoms of multiple myeloma are because of the breakdown of health bone marrow as myeloma cells crowd the limited space. Fewer healthy blood cells as the cancer worsens results in complications felt throughout the body.

• Anemia: Red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow. With fewer red blood cells, anemia may lead to a lack of energy, rapid heartbeat, dizziness, headache, and more. Some of the treatment options for multiple myeloma may even contribute to anemia in some patients.
• Bone Disease: As myeloma cells crowd the bone marrow, osteoporosis can set in, making bones thinner and more brittle. Eventually bone lesions may form, creating holes. These bones are much more likely to fracture.
• Gastrointestinal Issues: These problems are typically caused by treatments and not necessarily the disease itself. There are many ways to help relieve symptoms, including self care and medications.
• Heart and Lung Problems: Those with multiple myeloma are more likely to suffer from a blood clot, cardiovascular disease, and pulmonary hypertension because of the disease itself, treatment options, and living a more sedentary lifestyle as the disease progresses.
• Kidney Failure: One of the harmful antibodies created by abnormal plasma cells, monoclonal proteins, damages the renal tubes and glomeruli of the kidneys, eventually leading to kidney failure.
• Myelosuppression: Anemia is just one side effect of bone marrow suppression caused by the reduced production of red blood cells. Other disorders that may develop because of myelosuppression include neutropenia (low white blood cells) and thrombocytopenia (low platelets).
• Chronic Pain: The two most common forms of pain experienced by those with multiple myeloma are bone pain and peripheral neuropathy. Peripheral neuropathy is caused by damage to the nerves, especially those of the arms and legs.
• Steroid Side Effects: Long-term use of steroids can lead to both physical and mental effects that can be short-term, returning to normal once the medication is stopped, or long-term. They can include everything from muscle cramps to cataracts to personality changes.

Causes and Risk Factors

Research has suggested that monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, or MGUS, can cause multiple myeloma cells to form. Excess amounts of M protein in your blood begin formation in the bone marrow, which could be the first sign that something is amiss. There is no treatment required for MGUS, but your healthcare provider should monitor it for any changes.

Researchers and providers have determined other risk factors for multiple myeloma that include:

• Age: MM is rare in those under 35, but those over 65 are at highest risk.
• Gender: Men are more likely to develop multiple myeloma than women.
• Family History: Many people with multiple myeloma do not have any family history of the disease. Still, genetics may contribute to risk.
• Health: Pre-existing conditions affecting the immune system or inflammatory conditions like cardiovascular disease increase risk.
• Chemical or Radiation Exposure: Being exposed to some pesticides and herbicides increases risk, as does prolonged exposure to radiation.
• Previous Plasma Cell Tumor: Also known as solitary plasmacytoma, these tumors increase the chance of develop multiple myeloma in the future.
• Occupation: Some studies have shown that those in certain professions are at higher risk, like firefighters.

Multiple Myeloma Treatments

Those with multiple myeloma will likely work with a team of providers to help treat the cancer and improve quality of life. This will include a primary care provider, dietician, physical or occupational therapist, orthopedic surgeon, radiation oncologist, bone marrow transplant specialist, and others. It’s vital for the team to coordinate efforts to ensure you get the best care possible and that treatments are effective at managing symptoms.

Types of multiple myeloma treatment options include:

• Surgery
• Radiation therapy
• Medication
• Stem cell transplant
• CAR T-cell therapy
• Supportive treatments
• Clinical trails
• Complementary medicine
• Palliative care

Multiple Myeloma and Black People

As frightening a disease as multiple myeloma is, it is more so for the black race. From genetics to socioeconomic status, Black people suffer from more risk factors than white people. These risk factors are compounded by clinical trials that fail to account for them.

Startling Statistics

The International Myeloma Foundation estimates that African Americans will make up nearly a quarter of the newly diagnosed cases of multiple myeloma by 2034. Yet, today, they only account for 8% of the participants in clinical trials.

Just as alarming is how many Black people are affected by multiple myeloma today. Black people are typically diagnosed at an earlier age and are twice as likely to be diagnosed as white people. They are also twice as likely to die from the disease. It is the number one most common blood cancer in the African American population, including those of mixed race.

More troubling is that the average African American patient is less likely to:

• Receive a timely diagnosis
• Turn to novel therapies like bortezomib
• Research new treatments
• Utilize stem cell transplant or CAR T-Cell therapy
• Receive inpatient chemotherapy
• Have access to culturally sensitive palliative care options

Biological Factors

Studies published in the Blood Cancer Journal have shown that MGUS and other plasma cell disorders are much more likely in those with family history, making them strong risk factors. Because Black women are already twice as likely to experience MGUS as white women, this increases the risk of developing multiple myeloma as well. Other studies seem to support these findings. Studies have shown that multiple myeloma is closely linked with biological risk factors, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity. These health conditions, and cancer in general, are known to affect the Black race disproportionately.

Socioeconomic Factors

The black community is less likely to receive preventative healthcare because they are also less likely to have adequate health insurance to cover such care. Many cases of multiple myeloma are diagnosed before symptoms even arise, caught early during routine lab work. A primary medical provider can often detect MGUS, a precursor to multiple myeloma, early and monitor it closely. Even with health insurance, Black people may not have a clinic or hospital nearby at which to seek such preventative care, “letting it slide” when they do experience mild symptoms.

If diagnosed, many African Americans don’t have access to the most effective new treatments. Socioeconomic status may mean they have limited or no health insurance to cover them and lack proximity to clinics with modern healthcare technology. When cancer symptoms worsen, lack of access to the most effective treatments, combined with limited palliative care options, may decrease quality of life and life expectancy. Without racial equality in cancer care because of socioeconomic factors, the black population suffers.

Cancer Research

Black Americans are often underrepresented in research studies and clinical trials for multiple myeloma. In one study referenced by WebMD, they estimated that only 18% of those taking part were from various ethnic groups. Non-Hispanic white people made up the vast majority. Considering the biological factors putting black people at higher risk for the disease, this puts them at a disadvantage for developing new and more effective treatment options. There are many reasons for this disparity, from lack of awareness of such studies to proximity to study locations. Still, this inequity in minority representation needs to be addressed for this and other plasma cell disorders, so researchers can better understand what role ethnic background plays in determining risk.

Multiple Myeloma: It’s In Our Bones

Research has shown that, when given an equal opportunity for healthcare and financial stability, outcomes for Black people are similar to those of European ancestry. By promoting clinical trials and researching new treatments, fighting for equality in healthcare and addressing disparities within Black communities, we can improve the well-being of all African Americans, including those suffering from multiple myeloma. By raising awareness, Black Health Matters is helping to address this important issue for African American and multiracial people.

The post Understanding Multiple Myeloma: Answering The Questions appeared first on Black Health Matters.

You may be offered the opportunity to take part in a clinical trial at some point during your treatment for breast cancer. So, if you’re considering a breast cancer clinical trial, what would you experience?

First, do your research. Findings from clinical trials determine whether or not potential new treatments will become standard care for breast cancer. Some treatments that are initially used for metastatic breast cancer may even go on to be tested and used to treat early-stage breast cancer or other cancer types. It’s also possible that drugs previously approved for other types of cancer may later be tested for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.

A few considerations:

• Side effects: The risks of a potential new treatment may not be fully understood, so there may be unexpected side effects. Though testing keeps risks as small as possible, a new treatment’s side effects often aren’t fully revealed until after long-term testing and follow-up. However, as additional side effects or safety information become known, that information is provided to physicians and regularly updated as new information becomes available.

• Travel time and cost: While trials are done all across the country, it’s not guaranteed there will be an appropriate trial in your local area or with your original oncologist. However, trial participants typically receive their care in the same places that standard treatments are given—in clinics or doctors’ offices. If travel to a separate site is required, some trial organizers may provide transportation or reimburse participants for the cost of travel.

• Health care costs: The costs of the potential new treatment will usually be covered by the study itself, and many health insurers will cover the standard care provided in the study as they would current breast cancer treatments. However, it’s important to check with the study team and your insurer to make sure there won’t be any unexpected costs of joining the study (such as out-of-network fees).

Each clinical trial is led by a head researcher (called a principal investigator or PI), who works with a team of other scientists and healthcare professionals. The way the research team designs and conducts a clinical trial can vary based on the study’s goals and other factors.

If you’ve been asked to take part in a trial, your physician or a research nurse will discuss exactly what’s involved with you. You will be given written information with all the details of the trial. This should include information about the type of trial, the possible benefits and risks, and whether extra tests or hospital appointments are needed. All information about participants is kept confidential.

Participants will be regularly observed, and data on their cases will be carefully recorded and reviewed and compared to those of others in the trial. You may have extra visits in between treatments to make sure that there are no unexpected side effects.

Many safeguards are in place to look out for the welfare of clinical trial participants. These safeguards can’t guarantee that you won’t have complications, but they are meant to reduce risk as much as possible. Clinical trials are overseen by an investigational review board (IRB) to protect the rights and welfare of trial participants.

If at any time during the study you or your doctor feel it’s in your best interest to stop participating in the trial, you will be free to do so. And it won’t in any way affect your ability to be treated in the future.

Remember, like all aspects of cancer care, the decision to join a clinical trial is a personal one. Even if you decide not to join a clinical trial now, it doesn’t mean you can’t join one later if you’re eligible. For information on specific breast cancer studies, visit Gilead’s clinical trials website.

The post What Happens When You Join a Breast Cancer Clinical Trial? appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Living Beyond Breast Cancer, a Philadelphia nonprofit that connects people with trusted information and a community of support, offers these tips on how to tell partners, children, and parents about your diagnosis.

Talking to your partner or spouse about your metastatic breast cancer diagnosis

When you tell your partner or spouse about your diagnosis, they may understandably be shocked, overwhelmed, or scared about what life will be like now. This is a significant change for your life and theirs, and each of you needs time to adjust in whatever way works for you.

Here are some common partner concerns, and ways to talk about them together:

• Let your partner know what you need. If you can, try to be as specific as possible. For instance, maybe you need help with laundry or preparing meals.

• If you haven’t already, invite your partner or spouse to go with you to a doctor appointment so they can understand more about your diagnosis, the kinds of treatment you may have, and side effects that you may experience.

• Your partner or spouse may also be concerned about physical intimacy and how that may change. It can help to talk honestly with your partner about how treatment affects your desire for and experience of sex, and to explore new ways to stay physically and emotionally connected.

• Schedule regular time to just be together and talk honestly with each other about what’s happening. Let your partner know how you’re feeling emotionally and physically and ask them how they’re feeling.

• Sometimes the changes that come with a serious diagnosis can trigger fear or anger in a partner or spouse. If your partner is not responding in a way that feels supportive to you, suggest that the two of you meet with a therapist who works with couples affected by serious illness.

How to talk to your children about your metastatic breast cancer diagnosis

For many parents, it’s a first instinct to try to protect children from news about a difficult diagnosis. One of the hardest parts of telling children about a metastatic breast cancer diagnosis is that it is not curable, and that treatment is ongoing. But it’s important to be as honest as possible.

Experts say that there is no right or wrong way to talk to children about a diagnosis, although there are tips to guide the conversation:

• Don’t assume children, even very young ones, won’t find out if you don’t tell them.
• Use accurate, specific words that are age- and developmentally appropriate. Since you know your child best, you may already know what will work well.
• Be honest but emphasize that your doctors have medicines that they hope will help you.
• Let them know what they can expect in their day-to-day experience. For example: “On treatment days, I’ll be tired, so Uncle Mark will pick you up from softball practice.”

• Tell them you will let them know if there are changes in your health situation.
• Invite them to ask questions and check in with them for regular follow-up conversations.
• Particularly for young children, consider sharing your diagnosis with their teachers and additional caregivers so that they can best support your child’s social and emotional needs.

How to talk to your parents about your metastatic breast cancer diagnosis

Telling a parent that you’ve been diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer can bring up many extreme emotions for all of you. Still, it’s important to be honest and let them know.

Here are some ways to have the conversation:

• Schedule some uninterrupted time to talk with your parents about your diagnosis.
• It can help to rehearse what you’re going to say ahead of time. If it’s comfortable, try role-playing what you want to say with a sibling or your partner.
• Share your honest feelings with your parents and let them know what you need.
• Stop, listen, and observe their body language from time to time to see if they’re understanding what you’re telling them.
• Encourage them to ask you any questions they may have.

While all of these tips can be very useful in telling your loved ones about your metastatic breast cancer diagnosis, it can still be an emotionally and mentally difficult process. Especially if family members react poorly. Joining and national or local cancer patient support group, whether virtual or in-person, can be a great way to connect with other people who are facing similar situations.

The post Talking to Your Family About Your Metastatic Breast Cancer Diagnosis appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Metastatic breast cancer, also classified as stage 4 breast cancer, means the cancer has spread from your breast to distant organs such as your bones, lungs, or other parts of your body.

For some patients, metastatic cancer is first identified at initial breast cancer diagnosis however for most patients, metastatic cancer occurs because previous treatment didn’t destroy all the cancer cells. Sometimes, a few cells remain dormant, or are hidden and undetectable. Then, for reasons providers don’t fully understand, the cells begin to grow and spread again.

Around 170,000 people in the United States are living with metastatic breast cancer. Fewer than 1 in 3 women who are diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer later develop metastatic breast cancer.

There are currently no proven ways to prevent metastatic breast cancer. But researchers are working on treatments that may prevent cancer from spreading (metastasizing) and/or coming back (recurring).

The symptoms of metastatic breast cancer depend on where the cancer cells have invaded:

Symptoms of bone metastases:

• Bone pain
• Bones that break or fracture more easily
• Swelling

Symptoms of brain metastases:

• Worsening headaches or pressure in the head
• Visual disturbances
• Seizures
• Nausea and vomiting
• Behavior or personality changes

Symptoms of liver metastases:

• Jaundice
• Itchy skin or rash
• Stomach pain, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting

Symptoms of lung metastases:

• Cough that won’t go away
• Difficulty catching your breath
• Chest pain

Other symptoms of metastatic breast cancer:

• Fatigue
• Unexplained weight loss
• Poor appetite

If your doctor has reason to suspect your disease has metastasized, and you have any of the above signs that your breast cancer has spread, your doctor may perform follow-up tests. These include imaging tests, blood tests, and biopsies of the suspected metastatic lesion.

Some people are at higher risk for metastatic cancer even after finishing initial cancer treatment. The risk depends on various features of the cancer, including tumor characteristics (type of cancer cells), stage at your first diagnosis, and treatments you received.

For women with metastatic breast cancer, systemic drug therapies are the main treatments. These may include hormone therapy, chemotherapy, targeted drugs, immunotherapy, or some combination of these. Surgery and/or radiation therapy may be useful in certain situations.

Although systemic drugs are the main treatment for metastatic breast cancer, local and regional treatments such as surgery, radiation therapy, or regional chemotherapy are sometimes used as well. These can help treat breast cancer in a specific part of the body, but they are very unlikely to get rid of all the cancer.

Several potential new treatments for metastatic breast cancer are being evaluated in clinical trials. Most of these are drug therapies, including many of the breast cancer studies found on Gilead’s clinical trials website.

The right treatment plan can improve survival for people with metastatic breast cancer. However, survival rates vary and are dependent on a number of factors including type/biology of the breast cancer, parts of the body involved, and individual characteristics.

Living with metastatic breast cancer can be challenging. Your care team can help provide physical and emotional support in addition to your cancer treatment. Talk to them about how you can:

• • Eat the most nutritious diet for your needs
  • Exercise regularly

• Manage stress
• Get emotional support, including finding support groups
• Reach out for help from friends, family and loved ones
• Find mental health services
• Find complementary therapies

The post What is Metastatic Breast Cancer?  appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Metastatic breast cancer, also classified as stage 4 breast cancer, means the cancer hasMetastatic spread from your breast to distant organs such as your bones, lungs, or other parts of your body.

Around 170,000 people in the United States are living with metastatic breast cancer. Fewer than 1 in 3 women who are diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer later develop metastatic breast cancer. Black women are 40% more likely to die from breast cancer than White women, according to the American Cancer Society.

Among women under 50, the disparity is even greater: The mortality rate among young Black women, who have a higher incidence of aggressive cancers, is double that of young White women.

Advances in early detection and treatment have dramatically reduced breast cancer’s ability to take lives overall, but it’s clear that these breakthroughs haven’t benefited all groups equally—and this disparity has remained unchanged since 2011.

According to The Breast Cancer Research Foundation, the gap in breast cancer incidence and outcome among Black women is complex and multifactorial. Social, economic, and behavioral factors may partially account for these disparities.

Some things are out of human control, including factors like genetic predisposition, how genetics change over time due to behavior and environment, and differences in the biological makeup of cancerous tumors, Evelyn Taiwo, MD, attending physician in medical oncology at New York Presbyterian-Brooklyn Methodist Hospital told Allure.

“There are biological differences in breast cancer Black women tend to have. They have a higher incidence of triple-negative breast cancer, which is more aggressive,” said Taiwo.

Black women, for instance, tend to have denser breast tissue than White women, according to this study. Dense breast tissue is a risk factor for breast cancer as it makes it harder to find the disease at earlier stages. Women with dense breasts are 1.2 times more likely to develop breast cancer than those with average breast density.

But some things are in one’s control and can be managed. Taiwo mentioned that ensuring standard of care treatment is discussed with all patients is one of the places where physicians can combat disparities. As one example, Black women are referred for genetic testing at disproportionately lower rates than White women.

The Breast Cancer Research Foundation says the industry has only recently been able to decipher some of the underlying biology to explain the higher incidence of aggressive tumors in Black women and to identify biomarkers that could ultimately inform personalized therapies and improve outcomes for Black women diagnosed with breast cancer.

Taiwo explained that this plays into not only prognosis of predisposition to breast cancer but also potential exclusion from life-saving medicine and treatments.

Expanding Black women’s participation in research is critical. But too often Black women aren’t being directed to trials. According to a study presented at an American Society of Clinical Oncology meeting last June, the majority of Black women with metastatic breast cancer don’t get enrolled into clinical trials. Only 40% of Black respondents said they were even offered a trial.

Black patients can take matters into their own hands by looking up clinical trial options in their area and discussing those options with their doctor. For instance, Gilead has several active clinical trials to evaluate treatments for people with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer.

With more work to do on reducing the racial disparities in breast cancer treatment, researchers are focusing on finding answers to the following questions:

• Are doctors offering the right treatment at the right time to Black women?
• Are doctors explaining treatment options as well to Black women as they do with White women?
• Do Black women have more trouble paying for out-of-pocket expenses?
• Is there enough follow-up from doctors in terms of the importance of early treatment that works well?

• Do Black women have tumors that don’t respond as well to common cancer drugs?
• Can community outreach boost breast cancer screenings and help people stick with treatment?
• How can we increase the number of Black and brown doctors in our workforce faster?

Experts say awareness of the disparities in breast cancer for Black women and understanding what is driving that disparity are important first steps to finding ways to improve cancer outcomes for all women.

The post Black Women with Metastatic Breast Cancer Face Disparities in Care appeared first on Black Health Matters.

About Depression

Before learning more about how this medical condition affects the African American population, it’s important to understand depression, its symptoms, and how it is typically treated. Depressive episodes can be life-altering and, in some cases, life-threatening. If you feel you are experiencing a major depressive episode, please reach out to someone immediately. You can reach the emergency mental health hotline by dialing “988” or there is a list of resources at the bottom of this article, should you need them.

Types of Depression

Like most mental health conditions, there are many types of depression or related disorders that one may experience. Each may present mild to severe symptoms with depressive episodes ranging from a few days to several months or even years. Below are a few more common mood disorder types that may experience depression.

• Clinical Depression: This is also called  major depressive disorder or major depression. Typically, depressive episodes last at least two weeks. Symptoms occur on most days each week. There are several types of clinical depression, and you may experience additional symptoms of anxiety, melancholy, or agitation.
• Persistent Depressive Disorder: If severe symptoms last two years or longer, your diagnosis will change from major to persistent depressive disorder. Medications like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are usually essential to treatment.
• Bipolar Disorder: Besides major depression, those with bipolar disorder experience periods of mania or hypomania. These mood swings can be managed with mood stabilizers. Some older treatments, like lithium, may cause thyroid problems.
• Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD): If premenstrual syndrome (PMS) becomes more challenging and is accompanied by more depression than usual, it’s likely PMDD or premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Women may experience more anxiety and irritability than is expected as well.
• Perinatal Depression: Also called postpartum depression, many mothers experience severe depression in the weeks leading up to and immediately after giving birth. Treatment options will vary depending on the severity of your symptoms.
• Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): Many people experience seasonal depression during winter when the days are shorter. You can combat less sunlight by using a special lightbox for a few minutes each day, or your doctor may prescribe antidepressants.

Clinical Symptoms

Depressive episodes, regardless of the type of mental illness, typically show many of the symptoms below. It’s important to remember, though, that every person is unique, as is their mental health. Not all emotional and physical problems occur in the same way. If you notice someone acting differently but aren’t sure if it’s depression, try reaching out.

Symptoms of depression could include:

• Feeling sad most/all of the time
• Losing interest in activities you used to enjoy
• Sleeping too little or too much (or at the wrong time of day)
• Eating too little or too much (or only eating unhealthy food)
• Losing or gaining weight unexpectedly
• Feeling hopeless or worthless
• Having little or no motivation
• Feeling agitated or irritable
• Difficulty concentrating

You may also experience physical symptoms like:

• Headache
• Nausea
• Muscle pain
• Fatigue

Treating Depression

Treating major depressive disorder or another mood disorder typically involves medication, talk therapy, and, in some cases, residential treatment options.

• Medications: The most common types of medications used to treat depressive disorders are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or SSRIs. While these should be used carefully when treating some mental health conditions like bipolar disorder, they are effective treatments for many who are experiencing a depressed mood long-term.
• Psychotherapy: Counseling or therapy is often recommended to accompany medication treatment for a depressed mood and can help improve mental health overall. Many healthcare providers refer patients for talk therapy regardless of mental health diagnosis based on proven benefits.
• Residential Treatment Options: Severe depression or a persistent depressive disorder may require hospital treatment to ensure safety and long-term stability. You may have in-patient or partial-day patient options to help process the condition or the contributing circumstances.

African Americans and Mental Illness

Depression and its symptoms are fairly easy to recognize, especially when using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, or DSM-5. Depression and other mental disorders are often viewed differently within African American populations, however, and many in black communities don’t seek treatment options, even when effective treatment is available.

Facts and Statistics About Depression

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), over 5% of adults globally suffer from depression, contributing to other diseases, including disabling disorders and suicide. How does depression affect African Americans? Let’s look at a few of the numbers.

• Suicide is the fourth leading cause of death in those aged 15 to 29. African American children under 13 are twice as likely to die by suicide than white children.
• More than 4% of black people self-identify as depressed compared to 3% of white people. These numbers may be skewed because many African American adults do not seek treatment and are undiagnosed.
• A 2014 study had nearly 50% of black women self-identify depressive symptoms when visiting their primary care clinic. While there, 10% of women expressed suicidal thoughts.
• Studies suggest that depressive episodes last longer for black people than non-Hispanic whites, especially for those with co-occurring diagnoses. Anxiety, PTSD, and addiction are all commonly associated with severe depression.
• The National Institute of Health acknowledges that many black Americans do not have access to culturally sensitive care.

How This Affects Our Communities

Statistics go back decades that show how black racial groups from every income level and type of community are affected. The fact is that mental health is viewed differently in the African American population. A pervasive sense of unease about mental health exists across all ethnic groups, but black Americans have a harder time finding culturally sensitive health care providers. When psychologists, counselors, and other providers are not black or do not understand what it’s like to be African American, they may not offer effective treatments.

A Harsh Reality for Black Men

The American Psychological Association breaks down a report published by the Racial Empowerment Collaborative at the University of Pennsylvania. Not surprisingly, men are more likely to be affected by news stories portraying racial violence. Most news stories involve black men, making them more relatable and adding immense stress to those within the community. This stress has only increased in recent years, spreading beyond local neighborhoods and into the national spotlight. Because of this, many African American men have delayed or stopped seeking treatment for mental disorders altogether. A mistrust of one system has led to a distrust of many, including health care providers. Thankfully, this is being addressed (more on that below).

The Stigma of Toughness

The same report by the University of Pennsylvania details just a few ways these stigmas affect African Americans, especially men. What it comes down to, however, is that race relations have made it difficult for the black population to seek and get help for mental disorders, including depression and related conditions.

The various challenges throughout black history have resulted in tenacity and resilience. However, as admirable as these traits are, this sense of toughness has also prevented many African Americans from seeking treatment options for mental health conditions like major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and more. While persevering through difficult circumstances is essential, you should know that treating depression is never an admission of weakness.

The Importance of Treating Depression

Depression and a vast majority of other mental disorders are treatable. The emotional and physical problems can be addressed with medication, therapy, and other treatments. Working with a licensed and experienced practitioner can help you manage your symptoms, allowing you to return to the activities and people you love. A depressed mood shouldn’t hold you back and shouldn’t lead you down a road to a more disabling condition like substance abuse, a sleep or eating disorder, or a chronic disease.

Making Your Voice Heard

Like any other medical condition, depression can be treated by seeking the right health care providers. This is especially true if you have any risk factors like a family history or co-occurring disorders. However, the most effective treatments for depression are worthless if they aren’t accessible because of the “stigma of toughness” that permeates black communities. Bringing awareness to local clinics and hospitals, as well as making mental health care providers more accessible and culturally aware, are the first steps to ensuring our communities have a strong voice when standing up against depression and other mental disorders.

Resources For Depression

Organizations like Black Health Matters are working hard to ensure that black communities are more aware of the resources available, especially if they suffer from a depressive episode or another medical condition. Other organizations that support African American mental health include Mental Health America (MHA), the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), and the Black Mental Health Alliance (BMHA). We can prevent and more effectively treat depression with better awareness within our communities, which starts with making our voices heard.

Resources for African Americans with Depression

• The Emergency Mental Health Hotline: Call “988”
• LifeLine Chat & Text: Chat online with an experienced counselor free of charge in a mental health emergency
• NAMI’s “Sharing Hope“: A three-part video series discussion about mental wellness in black communities.
• Association of Black Psychologists Directory: Listing of referred black mental health care providers
• Black Emotional and Mental Health Collective (BEAM): Helps to remove barriers to health care providers and more.
• Black Female Therapists: Listing of mental health care providers
• Black Girls Smile: Mental wellness education and resources for black women and girls
• Black Men Heal: Free mental health services (selective)
• Black Mental Health Alliance (BMHA): Information, resources, and a therapist locator tool
• Black Mental Wellness: Evidence-based information about mental health
• Black Women’s Health Imperative (BWHI): Advocacy and education for health equity and social justice for black women
• Ebony Magazine’s Mental Health Resources: a list of mental health resources by state
• LGBTQ Psychotherapists of Color Directory: Listing of mental health care providers
• Melanin and Mental Health: A directory of culturally aware clinicians supporting minority communities
• Mocha Health: Online support community for black women
• National Queer & Trans Therapists of Color Network: Listing of mental health care providers
• Ourselves Black: Promotes positive mental health with coping skills through various platforms
• POC Online Classroom: Learn about self-care, mental health, and healing
• Psychology Today’s Directory of African American Therapists: Listing of mental health care providers
• Sista Afya: Education, resources, and community support for black women
• Therapy for Black Girls: Online support community, directory of culturally aware professionals, and informational podcast
• The SIWE Project: Promotes mental health awareness globally
• The Steve Fund: Supports mental health for young POC

The post The Hidden World Of Depression In The Black Community appeared first on Black Health Matters.

These problems are compounded for Black people by health disparities, socioeconomic factors, and much more. What are these unique challenges for African American women who have endometriosis, and how can the healthcare system and human services programs start meeting their needs?

What is Endometriosis?

Endometrial tissue is found in the lining of the uterus. It breaks down each month and is shed through regular menstrual periods. Endometriosis tissue is similar to the uterine lining but grows outside of it, usually on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and pelvic cavity. It works as designed, thickening in preparation for possible pregnancy and breaking down. However, this tissue has nowhere to go. Over time, scar tissue can form, creating adhesions between reproductive organs, bowels, and other internal structures.

Symptoms of Endometriosis

The most common signs of endometriosis are very painful menstrual cramps, heavy or irregular menstrual periods, fatigue, painful bowel movements, and abnormal spotting or bleeding. These symptoms typically start in early adulthood, but many women report that they began experiencing them within their first few menstrual cycles.

Advanced endometriosis may lead to infertility, so following up with your providers about any abnormal symptoms or pelvic pain is important.

Endometriosis Risk Factors

You may be at higher risk of developing endometriosis if you have a family history or have been diagnosed with an abnormal uterus. Risk factors include menstrual periods that begin early, have a shorter cycle, or are abnormally heavy.

Related Conditions

There are many conditions related to endometriosis that may produce similar symptoms. Because there are so many, it may be challenging to determine which diagnosis is correct. However, you should work with your provider to ensure you find an accurate diagnosis early so you can begin treatment.

• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (ovarian cysts)
• Uterine Fibroids
• Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
• Ovarian Cancer

Endometriosis Statistics

Endometriosis symptoms are severe and can be debilitating for many Black women, but it’s hard to understand just how big of a problem this is without looking at the statistics.

• Most women are diagnosed between the ages of 25 and35 (but girls as young as 11 have been reported with endometriosis)
• It is estimated that between 3-18% of women suffer from the condition
• Up to 50% of those with infertility are later diagnosed
• Up to 80% of women who report chronic pelvic pain may be experiencing symptoms
• Up to 40% of Black women diagnosed with PID actually had severe endometriosis
• Black women were, on average, 2.6 years older than those of other races when diagnosed

Challenges for African Americans

The statistics starkly contrast with those for women of other ethnic backgrounds. Black women find it harder to navigate the health system in many ways, and those with endometriosis suffer as they find their way.

Less Likely to be (Accurately) Diagnosed

Healthcare providers are less likely to diagnose endometriosis correctly for any woman for many reasons. The most common is that symptoms can mimic those of other conditions. This is also true for African American women, but it becomes more complicated when racial bias is applied. Many providers find it easier to brush off Black women’s health symptoms as something less severe or become judgemental, choosing instead to diagnose a sexually transmitted disease or infection (STI).

Other reasons providers may not diagnose endometriosis:

• They don’t believe a patient’s pain is real or is as severe as they describe
• Co-existing conditions may have overlapping symptoms of endometriosis
• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) or another STI may be easier to “diagnose.”
• A misconception that endometriosis is less common in Black women

Nadine’s Story

One example of endometriosis pain going undiagnosed for far too long is that of Nadine Dirks. She shared her story in 2020 with Medical News Today for their Through My Eyes series. Her painful menstrual cramps, heavy menses, back pain, and other symptoms of endometriosis were dismissed as nothing more than those of a hypochondriac. If she was given a diagnosis at all, they were extremely biased, and most were made without a physical exam or any testing. These diagnoses included everything from sexually transmitted diseases to pelvic infections.

Pain medications and directions for self-care at home were prescribed. It wasn’t until 2014, when the painful symptoms became unbearable, that hospital providers found a mass on her right ovary, that she underwent emergency surgery. The amount of scar tissue was extensive, affecting her uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and even her bowels. At that time, she was finally diagnosed with stage 4 endometriosis.

Limited Access to Quality Healthcare Options

To diagnose endometriosis early, it’s essential to find quality healthcare early as well. This usually means preventative care like a regular pelvic exam and PAP smear that may also help detect cervical and other types of cancer. Once diagnosed, follow-up care is essential to manage symptoms and refer to specialists for pain management or a surgical procedure. Even holistic care, like an anti-inflammatory diet, can help manage or prevent endometriosis pain.

Unfortunately, access to experienced healthcare providers and advanced clinics for reproductive medicine is limited for many African American women due to location, income, and more. Those that do have access often face racial or gender bias. Some primary care providers may even stigmatize speaking about menstrual cycles or resist referring to a specialist. With so many health inequities a woman may face, it’s understandable that finding a definitive diagnosis may seem impossible.

Access to timely, quality care may also result in more complications for those who do undergo a surgical procedure to help remove scar tissue caused by endometrial tissue. According to Dr. Bradley, quoted by the Cleveland Clinic, this is often due to limited access to but also delays in care that allows the condition to worsen before treatment options are available.

Long-Term Costs of Delayed Care

Endometriosis commonly causes fertility problems, especially when untreated, and may put you at a higher risk of pregnancy complications. If it’s undiagnosed, your provider may not know to watch for signs of these complications, like early miscarriage, ovarian cyst rupture, or bowel perforation. Because it can take years to diagnose endometriosis, many women don’t know they have it until they have suffered through infertility or multiple miscarriages.

Pain medication can lead to other health issues over time, especially if using over-the-counter medications. Long-term, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDS, can affect the liver and kidneys. Stronger prescription pain meds could cause other side effects or pose more serious threats like addiction. Even then, there’s no guarantee these pain medications will manage abdominal pain and other worsening symptoms of endometriosis.

The financial costs are also staggering, and a 2020 study published in Advances in Therapy proved that those with longer delays in diagnosis spent thousands more in overall healthcare costs. Many women continue to pay for doctor’s visits, trips to the emergency department, and diagnostic testing only to find no answers for their severe pain. Medication costs, whether over-the-counter or prescription, add up. The frustration of paying these bills without answers as to why add up too.

Kyla’s Story

Kyle Canzater knew precisely what was wrong when she was 12 and suffered from severe symptoms with her first menstrual cycle. Even though she knew her body well and had researched thoroughly, she couldn’t get her painful endometriosis diagnosed until 13 years later. When discussing her experience with the Endometriosis Foundation of America, she suggests that everyone experiencing painful periods not give up hope, not accept an answer they disagree with, and always lean on their support system.

What Black Women Need for Endometriosis Care

Although POC experience the severe pain of this condition the same way as women of every other race, being heard and finding treatment options is much more difficult. Whether it’s surgery, birth control, hormone therapy, or other treatments, Black women should have access to the health care needed to treat endometriosis effectively.

While some changes to the system have been made, they are happening slowly. Other issues still need to be addressed, whether through new government policies, local awareness groups, or changes within healthcare organizations.

These are just some of the things that would help African American women with an endometriosis diagnosis:

• Awareness of the disparities Black women face in reproductive healthcare
• Ability to speak openly about these disparities as well as the struggles of living with endometriosis pain
• Better access to medical and holistic treatment options within local neighborhoods
• Making in vitro fertilization more affordable and accessible
• More culturally-sensitive care offered within reproductive health centers, especially within Black neighborhoods or in other low-income areas

Black Women’s Health Matters

Although PMS can be a pain to live with, menstrual periods should never be physically painful or increasingly uncomfortable. If you are experiencing any of the common signs of endometriosis, contact your primary care provider or see a reproductive medicine specialist for an evaluation. Treating it could be as simple as taking birth control. Remember, you matter, your health matters and Black Health Matters is helping to raise awareness about conditions such as this so that Black women are heard and treated, no matter their diagnosis.

Diagnosed with Endometrial Cancer? Compare your options here at XpertPatient.

The post Endometriosis in Black Women: The Unique Challenges & Needs appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Types of Strokes

There are various types of strokes that you may experience. While experiencing symptoms, the first and most crucial step is to get medical care so that treatment can begin as soon as possible. However, the long-term treatment will vary depending on the stroke you’ve suffered.

• Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): An ischemic stroke occurs when a blood clot develops in the brain or travels from elsewhere and blocks blood flow, damaging brain cells. These attacks present sudden symptoms similar to a stroke but typically don’t last as long. There is no way to tell whether the initial stroke symptoms are a hemorrhagic stroke or a less severe transient ischemic attack, so you should always assume that you need immediate medical attention and call for emergency care. A TIA is often called a mini-stroke and is the most common.
• Hemorrhagic Strokes: There are several types of hemorrhagic strokes. However, all of them include bleeding in the brain caused by a ruptured blood vessel. The hemorrhaging can quickly worsen, so early detection and treatment are essential. While not the most common type of stroke, it is the most dangerous.
• Silent Strokes: If a blood clot causes damage to an area of the brain that doesn’t cause any significant outward symptoms and is relatively minor, the stroke may go unnoticed. Some patients only find out they’ve had a silent stroke if they undergo a brain scan for an unrelated condition or if they experience a major stroke later, and evidence can be seen on a CT scan or MRI.

Signs of a Stroke

The symptoms of a stroke will vary from person to person. Even if the person has had a stroke before, another event could seem different based on severity and location. An ischemic stroke, a mini-stroke, will look different from a hemorrhagic stroke. You should never assume that every event will appear the same.

Some stroke symptoms aren’t outwardly visible, so you should always convey these to someone if you start to experience them. When someone is aware, they are better prepared to help you.

• Numbness: You may feel numbness in your face, arm, or leg, but usually only on one side of the body. Numbness of the face could cause drooping that is easy to identify.
• Weakness: This is usually accompanied by numbness, but not always. When there is no numbness, you may not notice the weakness until you try to do something like pick up a glass of water.
• Confusion: Trouble speaking coherently is one of the first signs of many strokes. However, it could be that you aren’t understanding the speech of others. If possible, try to communicate this.
• Vision Changes: These changes usually include blurry or double vision. However, it could also be narrowed or blackened. Any visual changes should be reported to someone nearby.
• Loss of Balance or Coordination: Others often easily observe trouble walking due to balance or lifting your legs. Try to remain seated to keep from injuring yourself.
• Severe Headache: A severe headache could cause vomiting, dizziness, and more as brain cells begin to die with a lack of blood flow.

What to Do If You Suspect a Stroke

What do you do if you are experiencing any of these signs or notice that someone else is? Follow the steps below to ensure you (or they) get the fastest care possible to avoid lasting brain damage or even death.

Act F.A.S.T

Use the acronym F.A.S.T. to check for the signs of a stroke. These symptoms may come and go over several hours or come on suddenly. You should assume that the event is ongoing and needs immediate medical attention.

• F(ace): Does one side of the face droop when smiling?
• A(rms): Does one arm slowly fall when raising the arms?
• S(peech): Is speech slurred? Does it sound strange? Is there trouble speaking a simple phrase?
• T(ime): Contact 9-1-1 or other emergency services for immediate medical attention if you notice any or all of the above symptoms.

Keep Track of Symptoms

Once you notice symptoms of a stroke, start taking notes. Keep track of what symptoms started, when, on what side of the body, and if the person has relayed any symptoms you haven’t observed. This information can be vital to an emergency care team as they work to identify the type of stroke and treat it appropriately.

Always Call for an Ambulance

It can be tempting to drive someone to the hospital yourself because you can get them to the hospital faster than an ambulance. However, the ambulance is equipped with trained EMS personnel and has life-saving medications that can be administered while on their way to the hospital. It is always best to call 9-1-1 in the event of a stroke.

Risk Factors for Strokes

Understanding the signs of a stroke is vital, especially if you know you or someone you love is at risk for one. Are you? There are many risk factors, from lifestyle choices you can control to age and gender, that you can’t.

Health Conditions

Having other health conditions can put you at a higher risk of experiencing a stroke. For example, suppose you have high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, or another similar heart condition. In that case, it can affect the blood vessels in the brain and increase the chances of hemorrhagic stroke. Coronary heart disease, blood clotting disorders, and high cholesterol levels may increase your risk of developing a blood clot that can travel to the brain, where it could cause a transient ischemic attack.

Some other underlying health conditions that may make you more susceptible include diabetes, stress, kidney disease, migraine, and obesity. You should work closely with your primary care provider to manage these conditions.

Lifestyle Choices

You may have more control over stroke risk factors, such as smoking, diet, exercise, drinking alcohol, sleeping too much, and using illicit drugs. It can be difficult to eliminate or change these habits. However, there are many resources available to help. The CDC offers telephone and app support tools and access to medicines to quit smoking. Your primary care provider can help create a healthy diet and exercise plan or refer you to a dietician and physical therapist. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) offers a 24/7 hotline with information and referrals for those with a substance use disorder.

Stress and Mental Health

Stress and anxiety contribute to stroke risk in several ways, including increasing blood pressure. Many people with poor mental health ignore their physical health, allowing it to decline as they develop diseases like diabetes from poor diet and exercise. If you are experiencing anxiety or depression, contact a mental health counselor or your primary care provider, who can refer you to one to help reduce your risk of stroke.

Age

According to the CDC, “the chance of having a stroke about doubles every ten years after age 55.” This is not to say that younger adults aren’t at risk as well. They also report that approximately one in seven strokes affects those under 49. While you may not be able to change the age risk factor, you can significantly reduce its impact by improving the ones you can control.

Gender

There is a significant disparity when comparing the number of Black adults affected by stroke compared to white people, especially when looking at gender. The US Department of Health and Human Services reports that in 2018, the number of African American men who suffered a stroke was relatively similar to that of white men. However, the number of African American women who experienced a stroke that year was double that of white women. The death rates were equally shocking, with both Black men and women more likely to die from a stroke than other races. In comparison, the risk of stroke is higher for a woman by 20-21% over the general population.

Family History

Studies show a definitive link between a family history of stroke and individual risk. This is on several levels, including the risk for stroke and the risk of developing health conditions that can lead to stroke, like high blood pressure and those that affect the arteries. Knowing your family’s medical history is essential so you can share this with your healthcare providers and work to minimize your risk.

Ethnic Background

The American Heart Association breaks down their long-term study following over 5,000 participants published in 2021. After 26 years, there were 100 strokes reported. While the rate of strokes between men and women was relatively similar, African Americans were four times more likely to suffer a stroke than white people of the same age. These results are startling and have given researchers new information on to base additional studies as they learn more about how heart health and stroke affect the Black population.

This is not the only study to prove such a correlation between racial identity and the risk of stroke or death. An AHA study in 2017 included participants from African countries, and another studied the recurrence of a transient ischemic attack in Black people who have already experienced one.

The Signs of a Stroke: When Every Minute Counts

Whether ischemic or hemorrhagic, all strokes are a medical emergency that needs immediate treatment to minimize long-term effects. Black people are disproportionately affected by stroke, so if you get a sudden and severe headache or any other signs of a stroke, communicate them to someone nearby as quickly as possible. Every minute counts when blood flow to the brain is compromised.

Black Health Matters understands that much of the Black population lives in areas with poor access to healthcare, which contributes to preventative treatment. By working with our partners and raising awareness of the gender and ethnic group disparities within the healthcare systems, we hope to improve the lives of African Americans in the US. Together, we can.

The post Understanding Signs of a Stroke appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Primary Headaches

According to the Mayo Clinic, a primary headache isn’t caused by any co-existing illness or condition. Instead, there’s an overactivity of the nerves and pain receptors in the brain or perhaps overly dilated blood vessels. Some people are at higher risk for primary headaches due to family history.

Stress or Tension-Type Headaches

The National Headache Foundation reports that most headaches can be traced to stress or tension. These primary headaches feel different for each person and may be resolved by removing the stressor, changing your reaction to it, or with various stress coping strategies. Over-the-counter medications are usually quite effective as well. If tension headaches become chronic, your healthcare provider may decide to treat them with an antidepressant or antianxiety medication.

Migraine Headaches

Migraine presents with intense headache symptoms but is a more serious neurological condition. Symptoms can include pain with light, sound, and movement or visual disturbances like auras. These severe headaches are debilitating, lasting anywhere from a few hours to several days, and should be treated by an experienced provider or neurologist to manage symptoms.

Cluster Headaches

Sharp pain on one side of the head around (or behind) the eye is the most recognizable sign of a cluster headache. They typically begin around age 30 and are more likely to affect men than women. Not as much is known about cluster headaches, although episodes last up to several hours and can recur as often as multiple times per day. These headaches usually present with similar symptoms each time.

Lack of Sleep

While there is no definitive research linking sleep and headache, there are many presumptive theories that medical professionals have leaned on for years. Low melatonin levels are one such theory, as there’s a strong correlation between melatonin supplements and migraine prevention. The hypothalamus is the same part of the brain responsible for both sleep and regulating pain, strongly linking sleep and primary headache symptoms. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), located in the hypothalamus, helps to maintain a healthy sleep schedule.

Too Much Caffeine or Caffeine Withdrawals

The Will Erwin Headache Research Foundation describes what happens when we consume caffeine. You may get a severe headache when drinking caffeine because the blood vessels dilate, causing a rush of blood to your brain. Then, once you don’t have that same level of caffeine, you’ll experience withdrawal, and those blood vessels will constrict. There’s no safe estimate for how much caffeine is “safe” because a person’s body weight, metabolism, and other factors play a role. Caffeine can trigger migraines or cluster headaches if you are prone to them.

Exertional Headaches

Also known as exercise headaches, exertional head pain can be caused by anything from a hard sneeze to an intense aerobic workout. One of the more common causes is weightlifting. Warning signs of an exercise headache include a pulsating or throbbing sensation and severe neck pain. Most headaches resolve in just a few minutes once the activity stops as blood pressure returns to normal. In more severe cases, you may feel nauseous or experience vision changes.

Posture Problems

Headaches are becoming more common as people work and attend school from home, and posture isn’t always on our minds. However, it should be for the sake of our brains. Migraine Canada describes the various posture positions, including the ideal static posture and those that may contribute to tension headaches. If you notice that your posture could be to blame for some of your workday headaches, set up a more ergonomic workstation and get up occasionally to walk and stretch. You may want to see a physical therapist as well.

Secondary Headaches

Secondary headaches are triggered by another underlying medical condition. Because there is more than one illness or disease present, some may be more dangerous or quickly spiral if not treated promptly. There may be a greater likelihood of neurological symptoms with a secondary headache.

During Illness (Like the Flu or Covid)

When your body is fighting an illness, it will likely create an abundance of cytokines. These molecules help to fight infection but also, in turn, cause inflammation. The swelling can affect brain tissue and other body parts, sometimes leading to head pain as you recover. Covid headache is one notable symptom of the illness that may persist long-term as part of the long Covid syndrome.

Sinus Headaches

Sinus inflammation, also called sinusitis, may be accompanied by fever, sore throat, fatigue, and feeling unwell. However, the congestion and pain around the face are the most bothersome for many. When nasal passages become inflamed due to congestion, sinusitis can trigger severe headaches, leading to migraines in those who suffer from them.

Medication Overuse Headaches

Headaches caused by the overuse of medications are secondary headaches because the medicines are being taken to treat an existing condition. A severe headache could mean that some drugs require immediate medical attention, as it is a sign of a reaction or overdose. If you experience a headache after taking a new medication or recently increasing a dosage, contact your healthcare provider, pharmacist, or emergency department as soon as possible.

Alcohol Withdrawals or Hangovers

There are several ways alcohol contributes to a hangover headache, leaving you, undoubtedly, feeling a bit sore in the head the day after indulging in a few drinks. Alcohol is a vasodilator that, just like caffeine, dilates the blood vessels and sends a rush of blood to your head. It’s also a diuretic that can leave you dehydrated if you aren’t conscious of drinking enough water while sipping your adult beverage. Congener chemicals are created through fermenting and are headache triggers for some.

Dehydration

Dehydration is a common cause of headaches and, thankfully, can be treated with rest and drinking plenty of water. You’ll likely experience other dehydration symptoms, like dry mouth and fatigue. Severe dehydration can cause lightheadedness, confusion, muscle cramps, and even passing out. If you feel dehydrated outdoors, find shade and drink fluids with electrolytes. Find urgent medical attention for severe symptoms.

Hormone Headaches

Changes in hormones can trigger headaches for many women. These changes can be the result of menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause. The best way to prevent these hormone headaches or minimize head pain is to avoid triggers if possible. Eat snacks throughout the day and maintain a regular sleep routine. If necessary, discuss hormone treatments with your doctor.

After a Head Injury

The types of headaches experienced after a traumatic brain injury are wide-ranging. It could be due to inflammation, tension, or the medications used to treat it. Because TBIs are so complex, you must work with your care team to manage your head injury as best as possible and minimize any long-term effects.

Headaches and Vision Problems

Vision changes may be the result of your headache or could be contributing to it. Vision problems can be challenging to diagnose as primary or secondary headaches unless they are apparent, such as auras. Primary headaches are caused by eye strain, poor vision requiring glasses, or migraines with aura. Glaucoma or other eye diseases causing vision changes result in secondary headaches and require much different treatment. You should describe changes in your vision in as much detail as possible to help your physician find the most accurate diagnosis.

How to Prevent Headaches at Home

Premier Health suggests eight ways to help prevent headache pain. While you may be unable to avoid every headache, following the guidelines below should help reduce your chances of developing one.

Remember, stress is one of the most common triggers for migraine and tension headaches. Reducing stress may not always be possible, but learning how to better manage it through meditation, deep breathing, progressive relaxation, and other techniques can go a long way to preventing headache symptoms.

Other ways you can prevent headaches include:

• Setting a regular sleep schedule

• Staying hydrated

• Avoiding dietary triggers

• Exercising regularly

• Minimizing eye strain

• Improving posture

• Participating in exercise/sports safely

When to See a Doctor

While most headaches are short-lived and go away quickly, some tend to become chronic. For example, tension-type headaches could occur more often, especially if you are prone to them and cannot remove significant stressors from your life, such as caring for a sick loved one or attending school. If you experience headaches often, your primary care physician will rule out any underlying medical condition, like high blood pressure. Then, after reviewing your medical history, a headache specialist can help identify triggers, such as certain foods or smells, and suggest a treatment plan to reduce the number of headaches you experience.

Schedule a visit with your doctor if:

• Your headaches are more frequent or more severe

• They don’t improve with over-the-counter pain medication

• Head pain interferes with daily or work activities

When to Seek Emergency Care

A headache can sometimes be a sign of a more severe condition, such as meningitis or a traumatic brain injury, that require immediate medical attention. If you are experiencing any of the symptoms below or are concerned about your headache pain, please go to an urgent care or emergency room for evaluation.

• Worsening pain over several days

• Unusually severe headaches

• A change in personality or cognitive function

• Additional symptoms, like fever, stiff neck, slurred speech, etc.

• Headache symptoms after a fall or blow to the head

• Pain that comes on suddenly

• You also have a chronic illness or cancer

What’s Causing Your Headache?

With so many possible reasons for your headache, it can be hard to pinpoint precisely what it could be. Have you figured it out? That’s great! If not, you may need to rest as you recover. Remember that if your symptoms are recurring or severe, contact your healthcare provider or emergency services as soon as possible.

Many African American adults experience severe primary headaches that are more frequent than the general population. However, studies show they are more likely to be underdiagnosed and under-treated. When treated, many Black people will stop treatment altogether because it is ineffective. Black Health Matters and other organizations are working to raise awareness about the disparities in healthcare for the Black population so you can work toward an accurate diagnosis and treatment.

We’re excited to share news about a campaign supporting those affected by head and neck cancer (HNC). Visit www.MadeOfMore.com for information and resources focused on helping people navigate the path from diagnosis through treatment, rehabilitation and survivorship. #MoreThanHNC

The post Why Does My Head Hurt? Everyday Reasons for That Headache appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Every so often an opinion poll goes around on social media asking if folks would want to know in advance if they carry genetic material that could cause a fatal disease. Most people say no. Some of these diseases are terrifying, and advanced knowledge about something for which there is no cure? No thanks.

I’ve been a health reporter for years and know full well that early detection is crucial. But I’ve never taken any of these polls. Honestly, I’ve never felt the need.

That stance was called into question when my mom contracted pneumonia.

While in the hospital being treated, her medical team noticed fluid buildup caused by a leaking valve. A cardiac catheterization showed no blockage in her arteries (“she has the arteries of a 17-year-old,” one cardiologist said in amazement). A trans-esophageal echocardiogram was equally uninformative. Yes, her mitral valve was leaking. No, they didn’t know why.

But maybe she was a candidate for a relatively new procedure to repair the valve. If so, she’d be good as new. To prepare for the new procedure, she needed an MRI.

The MRI showed Mom’s heart muscle was thicker than it should be. This led to a heart biopsy. And finally, a diagnosis: something called amyloidosis. My mom struggled to pronounce it for a while. It could cause heart failure, they said.

We learned that there are several types of amyloidosis, so we needed to find out which type of amyloidosis she had. There is light chain amyloidosis, which sounded suspiciously akin to a blood cancer to my health journalist’s ears. I couldn’t get a straight answer about this, even when the recommended therapy for this type of amyloidosis included chemotherapy. There is wild-type ATTR amyloidosis, which the doctors said typically occurs later in life. And hereditary ATTR (hATTR) amyloidosis, a genetic and rare form of the disease that affects about 50,000 people worldwide with about 3-4% of African Americans carrying a TTR gene variant (i.e., mutation) called Val122Ile (V122I).

There were a lot of tests involved to determine which kind of amyloidosis she had. One night she had to produce nine huge tubes of blood. Then there was the three-gallon jug to collect a week’s worth of urine; this was to test Mom’s kidneys. She was also scheduled to have a bone marrow biopsy and a body X-ray.

There were also lots of questions about family history. Both my maternal grandparents suffered from congestive heart failure (CHF). My grandmother, who passed away at age 76, had diabetes, and though the link between diabetes and heart disease wasn’t discussed with her during her lifetime, CHF was listed as the cause of death on her death certificate. Granddaddy, once a smoker, battled emphysema and CHF the last two years of his life. Though he’d quit smoking before I was born, and had been nicotine free for nearly 40 years, his tobacco habit exacted a high price in the end. When he died at age 85, there’d been no mention of amyloidosis.

Knowing Family Medical History Is Key

While we waited for test results, a genetic counselor charted our family medical tree as best as she could. But as in many African American families, figuring out the tangled branches is a tall order. Even before being diagnosed with a disease we’d never heard of, there were gigantic holes in our family health history.

There’s the great-aunt who blamed her daughter’s death from asthma on a blister. High blood pressure and diabetes had run roughshod through generations of relatives, but nobody talked about the connection to heart disease. Scads of ancestors died without ever sharing their diagnoses. And this is all without taking into account the limitations 400 years of slavery and the difficulty African American families have in gathering complete medical knowledge.

Fortunately, blood test results solved the four-month-long mystery. My mom tested positive for a TTR gene variant associated with hATTR amyloidosis less than 12 hours before her bone marrow biopsy, rendering that painful test unnecessary.

I must note a couple of things so I don’t sound whiny and ungrateful: 1) Mom had been through so many tests—some invasive, a few pretty painful—so we were relieved to have a name for what ailed her, and 2) though four months of tests and questions seemed like a lot to us, her diagnosis came relatively quickly. hATTR amyloidosis often stumps folks in the medical community because its symptoms mimic so many other conditions, sometimes leaving patients suffering for years without a diagnosis.

It’s in the Genes

Our genetic counselor stressed the importance of understanding how hATTR amyloidosis can be passed down through families. Genetic counseling can help folks understand their chances of developing the condition, as well as make them familiar with the testing process and implications of a diagnosis. Genetic counselors also can help people understand the issues related to genetic testing—from personal risk to possible insurance impact— and can help determine if a genetic test may be right for them.

hATTR amyloidosis is caused by a variant or change in the TTR gene. This gene change affects the function of a protein called transthyretin (TTR). The condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, meaning a person needs to inherit only one copy of the affected gene from one parent in order to develop the disease. Everybody gets two copies of the TTR gene, one inherited from each parent. When one parent carries a variant in the TTR gene, each child will have a 50 percent chance of inheriting that variant. However, inheriting the TTR gene with a variant does not necessarily mean that he or she will develop hATTR amyloidosis.

My mom, one of six children, would need to discuss this with her siblings in the hopes they’d all get tested. She’d done the heavy lifting; they would need to have only a blood or saliva test to find out if they’d inherited the variant.

Our genetic counselor made it even easier. She supplied us with detailed information about hATTR amyloidosis and included geneticists in every city where family members reside. She also noted that a family member can inherit the TTR gene with a variant but having the variant does not mean hATTR amyloidosis is a given. Put simply: A person can carry the variant without ever developing the disease.

Still, only one of Mom’s siblings—her youngest sister—was tested (she doesn’t have the variant, so her only child, a son, doesn’t need the test). The remaining brothers and sisters have dragged their feet about testing, even though they all have young adult grandchildren on the verge of building lives and families. This information could be vital in their decision to have children—or not.

As much as I hate needles, I was tested last fall. What’s that saying? Knowing is half the battle. While I’m not showing any symptoms of hATTR amyloidosis, I did test positive for the genetic variant. The way I see it, my dark cloud is lined with a double layer of silver: I don’t have children, so this branch of the variant stops with me, and by knowing the results now, I’m better prepared should I start seeing signs of this disease down the road.

Genetic Testing 101

One option for genetic testing is through the Alnylam Act® program. Alnylam Pharmaceuticals is sponsoring no-charge, third-party genetic testing and counseling for individuals who may carry one of the 120 or more gene variants known to be associated with hATTR amyloidosis. The Alnylam Act program was created to provide access to genetic testing and counseling to patients as a way to help people make more informed decisions about their health. While Alnylam provides financial support for this program, tests and services are performed by independent third parties. Healthcare professionals must confirm that patients meet certain criteria to use the program. Alnylam receives de-identified patient data from this program, but at no time does Alnylam receive patient-identifiable information. Alnylam may use healthcare professional contact information for research purposes. Both genetic testing and genetic counseling are available in the U.S. and Canada. Healthcare professionals or patients who use this program have no obligation to recommend, purchase, order, prescribe, promote, administer, use or support any Alnylam product. In addition, no patients, healthcare professionals, or payers, including government payers, are billed for this program.

For more information about hATTR amyloidosis and genetic testing, please visit Alnylam’s The Bridge® and Alnylam Act.

For additional information and support check these resources:
o Amyloidosis Foundation: amyloidosis.org
o Amyloidosis Support Groups: amyloidosissupport.org
o Amyloidosis Research Consortium: arci.org
o The Foundation for Peripheral Neuropathy: www.foundationforpn.org/
o National Organization for Rare Disorders: rarediseases.org
o Global Genes: globalgenes.org

Alnylam Pharmaceuticals does not endorse and is not responsible for the content on sites that are not owned and operated by Alnylam Pharmaceuticals.

Content sponsored and provided by Alnylam Pharmaceuticals. Intended for U.S. audiences only.

The Bridge and Alnylam Act are registered trademarks of Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc. © 2023 Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc. All rights reserved.

TTR02-USA-01004-V3

The post We Have What? hATTR Amyloidosis: My Family’s Journey appeared first on Black Health Matters.

Obesity has some of the highest self-reported numbers within the black community. This can be a leading cause of a host of additional health problems. It is an issue that has plagued many people and constantly calls out for attention. Of course, knowledge is power. Recognizing the issue, learning about its specifics, and finding out how to combat can change a person’s life.

Below are the top twenty overweight and obese cities in the U.S. for 2023. Put together by WalletHub, this rundown used 19 key metrics across 100 of the most populated cities. Is your city ranked among these 20?

Top 20 Overweight and Obese Cities in the U.S.

The post Most Overweight and Obese Cities in the U.S. In 2023 appeared first on Black Health Matters.

From a runny nose to a more life-threatening reaction, how do we develop an allergy, identify it, and treat it? How are allergies different for a Black person? Keep reading to learn more about allergies and what can be done about them.

Developing Allergies Through Sensitization

Allergic sensitization is the first step in developing an allergy. This allergy often begins before birth, as you are exposed to things your mother eats or is absorbed from various things within her environment. You become sensitized to other common allergens after birth, such as dust mites, foods, medications, and insect stings. When you start to develop symptoms of these allergens primarily depends on when you are first exposed to them and how often. The sensitization process begins when your immune system makes antibodies specific to the allergen you’ve encountered, known as immunoglobulin e (IgE). The previously created antibodies are triggered when exposed to that allergen again, causing symptoms.

For example, parents feeding their children solid foods for the first time may not realize they have developed an allergy. Parents should be mindful of reactions to new foods introduced to their diet. In another example, you may only start sneezing around a friend’s cat but have no symptoms around dogs. It’s possible to become sensitized to the pet dander of one type of pet and not another.

Most Common Allergens

While Black Americans are at higher risk for developing an allergy and having a more severe reaction to it (more about those statistics below), the most common types of allergies are similar among all ethnic groups.

• Seasonal: Sometimes called hay fever, these allergies worsen between March and September. The most common symptoms are sneezing, coughing, watery eyes, a runny nose, and a sinus headache. Seasonal allergy symptoms may also trigger an asthma attack.
• Mold: Damp environments may lead to mold growth indoors, especially in kitchens and bathrooms, but could be anywhere with poor ventilation. Not all molds are toxic, but many can trigger allergy symptoms like sneezing and watery eyes.
• Pet Dander: Like seasonal and mold allergies, animal dander can cause respiratory allergy symptoms. They are airborne allergens and can even contribute to dust mites and affect indoor air quality.
• Insect Stings: Stings and bites are the most likely to cause severe allergies. A life-threatening reaction called anaphylaxis requires immediate medical treatment. Symptoms of shock include a rash or hives, swelling of the face, and shortness of breath.
• Food: Foods can cause various allergic reactions, including itchy skin or hives, wheezing, vomiting, and swelling of the face. Determining what food allergies you have can be difficult. According to Food Allergy Research & Education, over 170 foods, like tree nuts and dairy, can cause uncomfortable and life-threatening symptoms.
• Medication: A side effect is not the same as a drug allergy. An allergic reaction to a medication can cause many symptoms, like hives, a rash, or a fever. More serious reactions could include anaphylaxis and require immediate intervention.

Identifying Skin Allergy Symptoms

It is often easier to identify an allergic reaction on pale skin. Itchy, red, swollen, and dry skin is much more visible. These more common signs, however, are not as notable on dark skin. If a skin reaction is the only symptom, it could go undiagnosed as an allergy for much longer, often until other symptoms arise. This is why both patients and their providers need to know how to recognize skin conditions caused by allergies.

• Hives: These are round- or oval-shaped raised bumps that typically occur in an isolated region or, in more severe cases, over a large area. They are itchy and become more uncomfortable if scratching or tight clothing irritates them.
• Angioedema: This can occur along with hives or on its own, usually causing severe swelling around the lips, cheeks, and eyes. The skin often feels warm to the touch and is more painful than itchy.
• Eczema: Some classic signs of eczema are the same on darker skin, like dry, ashy, and warm skin. You may experience sores. However, the redness typical of eczema on light skin usually appears purple or grey on Black people.
• Rash: A rash can appear as many things, from open sores to a slightly raised and itchy patch of skin. This is why it’s vital to communicate any symptoms you experience with your provider, any changes in your diet or medications, household location or pets, and other experiences.

Testing for Severe Allergies

If you or your medical provider feels you could have some form of allergy, you will likely be referred to an allergist. An allergist can use several types of testing to determine what foods, pollens, insects, or medications you are allergic to so you can avoid them.

The skin allergy test is the most common and has been the standard for decades. A small amount of the allergen is introduced to your skin with a tiny needle prick. An allergist will then wait for a reaction and measure any changes in your skin. A more accurate method is the allergy blood test, which measures the amount of immunoglobulin e present in your blood for the most common allergens. This blood test can measure the total amount of IgE in your system or test for specific allergens.

Because Black people typically have more than one allergy and reactions can be more severe, avoiding allergens is much more important. Testing for them can help prevent uncomfortable and sometimes life-threatening symptoms.

Allergy Treatment Options

Treatment options are similar for Black people because the immune system reacts similarly. However, the treatment doses may differ depending on your symptoms’ severity. You should consult your medical provider for guidance about which medications will work best for you and how to take them. Most respiratory symptoms can be treated with over-the-counter or commonly prescribed medications.

• Antihistamines: Over-the-counter antihistamines can help relieve allergy symptoms reasonably quickly and are available in various forms, including eye drops, pills, and nasal sprays.
• Corticosteroids: Corticosteroids are used as anti-inflammatories and are available in many forms to treat various allergy symptoms, including skin ointments, nasal sprays, and inhalers. They are often prescribed to treat flare-ups of chronic allergies.
• Decongestants: These medications can be used short-term to help relieve acute symptoms during a flare-up. Some people, like those with high blood pressure, should use caution when choosing decongestant medications and ask a medical provider before use.
• Allergy Shots: If avoiding allergens is not possible and the symptoms are difficult to control with the above treatment options, your medical provider may suggest allergy shots. These shots are designed to keep your body from overreacting to the allergen when you are exposed to it, but they aren’t effective for everyone.

Allergies and Black People

Studies have proven that there are many more Black people with allergic reactions to pollen, mold, insects, medications, and food than white people. Unfortunately, these studies have not determined why there is such a profound disparity between ethnic groups. Genetics don’t appear to be the root cause of the stark contrast in numbers, so further studies are necessary to understand why the Black population is at higher risk of allergic reactions, especially in severe cases requiring medical intervention.

At the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology’s annual meeting in 2017, a team of doctors presented startling new data about the death rates in children with asthma. When carefully considering the demographics and other details of over 2,500 cases, it was clear that many children had much more severe cases of asthma because they didn’t have access to quality medical care. However, environmental pollution can trigger asthma, which often plagues low-income communities. Mostly African American neighborhoods may be near train stations, energy plants, and other places contributing to air pollution.

A study conducted at the Northwestern University Center for Food Allergy and Asthma Research found that nearly a quarter of all Black children had a shellfish allergy compared to just 3% of white children. These percentages only increased in children over five. The disparities were similar for wheat and soy allergies. Now, consider that food assistance programs rarely have options for those with food allergies, only assisting with certain foods or specific brands. Support from local food pantries may be even more limited, relying only on donations from local organizations and residents.

Other common allergens may also pose a more significant threat to Black people than the general population. Low-income housing may not be well-maintained, leading to mold. Multi-unit dwellings could make it difficult to manage bug infestations, causing insect stings and potentially severe allergic reactions. And those without adequate health insurance may have access to limited medications, some of which they are allergic to.

The Wrap-Up on Allergies

Whether it’s tree nuts or pollen, you don’t have to suffer from allergy symptoms just because of your racial identity. More studies are currently underway to determine why allergies disproportionately affect Black people. While it’s not clear whether it’s a family history or environmental factors, it’s clear that ethnic background can put you at higher risk for both symptoms and severity. If you are experiencing allergy symptoms, see a medical provider right away for guidance. They may refer you to an allergist who can test you for the most common allergens, helping you to avoid and adequately treat them.

The post Are There Allergy Treatments Specifically For African Americans? appeared first on Black Health Matters.